Page 1253 – RTO Insider

November 7, 2017

PJM Stakeholders Look to Slow Capacity Redesign Process

By Rory D. Sweeney

VALLEY FORGE, Pa. — PJM and its Independent Market Monitor provided updates to their capacity market redesign proposals at last week’s meeting of the Capacity Construct/Public Policy Senior Task Force (CCPPSTF), but the discussion was dominated by the question of when the group should recommend any rule changes.

Proponents for load — including American Municipal Power, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative, the PJM Industrial Customer Coalition (ICC) and the PJM Public Power Coalition (PPC), the Organization of PJM States and the Consumer Advocates of the PJM States (CAPS) — argued that the decision should be delayed until after FERC responds to the Department of Energy’s Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for coal and nuclear price supports. The commission has said it expects to take some action on the proposal within 60 days after its Oct. 10 publication in the Federal Register.

PJM REV Capacity Performance Market Monitor — Bowring | © *RTO Insider*

Generators urged staying on the task force’s current timeline of having a proposal selected to file with FERC by the end of the year. “By putting things off, we just slow down the process,” Calpine’s David “Scarp” Scarpignato said.

PJM capacity market redesign — Johnson | © *RTO Insider*

Monitor Joe Bowring called for stakeholders to take the lead on how FERC responds to the NOPR.

“What you say does affect the process,” he said. “I would urge you all not to think of yourselves as passive consumers of what FERC is doing. They’re looking for guidance as well.”

Load representatives, however, said they didn’t have enough information to make an informed choice.

“Boy, I don’t have anything among any of these proposals that I can say, ‘This is what’s going to be best for the market and my customers’ future,’” said Carl Johnson, who represents the PPC.

Joe DeLosa, of the Delaware Public Service Commission, said there has been some difficulty in evaluating proposals. “We feel the time is not appropriate to move forward with proposals,” he said.

Morris Schreim, of the Maryland Public Service Commission, asked about a commitment he said PJM made to perform an analysis of the most popular proposals. At a meeting in August, staff agreed to research possible solutions to several stakeholder concerns, including a request from ODEC’s Adrien Ford to substitute data from recent Base Residual Auctions into PJM’s model of the proposals. (See PJM Stakeholders Begin Defining Capacity Design Needs.)

PJM’s Adam Keech responded to Schreim that he remembers another meeting where staff “pretty clearly” said they would not be performing modeling.

RTO officials acknowledged the concerns of load but remained focused on the current timeline.

“I believe it’s important for this group to keep working forward,” PJM’s Suzanne Daugherty said.

PJM Revises Reference Price

PJM revised the reference price in its proposal for undefined subsidies. Previously, it was calculated using a formula for a competitive offer: the net cost of new entry multiplied by the expected average balancing ratio for the delivery year. The RTO has revised it to a “capacity repricing value” that is based on resource type and whether it’s new or existing. That value is used to resort the generation offers in the second, price-setting stage of PJM’s proposal.

The RTO presented its methodology for calculating the default values along with example values for delivery year 2021/22 measured in gross dollars. An existing combined cycle gas turbine’s value would be $84 per ICAP MW-day, while a new unit would be $501. Onshore wind would be $65 and $998, respectively.

“What we’re trying to do is determine what the market price should be for that year,” PJM’s Rich Brown explained.

Stakeholders asked Brown to provide a comparison of how reference prices change under PJM’s previous proposal and the new “capacity repricing values.”

Bowring didn’t need any comparisons.

“This is entirely inconsistent with the Capacity Performance paradigm,” he said.

IMM Revisions

The Monitor revised its proposal to expand one of the exemptions to its extended minimum offer price rule (MOPR) proposal. The renewable portfolio standard exemption would be extended to all competitive, non-discriminatory, state-mandated programs and not just competitive auctions. The IMM is also planning to adjust its public power exemption to allow supply to be “slightly” greater than 105% of demand for a year “to recognize that investment can be lumpy,” Bowring said.

Several load proponents, including Ford, AMP’s Steve Lieberman and Susan Bruce, representing the PJM ICC, thanked Bowring for his willingness to adjust his proposal.

“We don’t think repricing is the right answer,” Ford said, acknowledging that ODEC’s proposal, which has been retracted, included repricing. “We’re really appreciative, Joe, that you’re listening to some of the concerns expressed here in the CCPPSTF and finding ways to modify what we think is a fairly pure market proposal as opposed to an administrative, two-stage approach.”

“Certainly, we continue to believe that the time is not appropriate to move forward, especially with the NOPR out there, but we appreciate the efforts that have been made to try to frame the issue,” Bruce said. “I am not at all suggesting that the time is never. … We live in a time of more uncertainty than I’ve seen. … We’re going to see some guidance from FERC soon, and I think that is going to be an important touchstone.”

Greg Poulos, the executive director of CAPS, said some state advocates are questioning why stakeholders are “all of a sudden” focused on revising the capacity market after nuclear units in one PJM state — Illinois — received price support, particularly when they believe there will not be any new subsidies for generators. He said there is “growing support” among the advocates for the Monitor’s revisions.

“It’s definitely getting more favor from the advocate groups,” he said.

The remaining proposals — from NRG Energy, LS Power, Exelon, AMP, Northern Virginia Electric Cooperative and the Natural Resources Defense Council’s Sustainable FERC Project — had no new revisions.

Poulos expressed advocates’ concerns about “gaming” the repricing structures, and asked representatives from LS and NRG, who have also submitted repricing proposals, whether they have examined how their proposals prevent gaming and how their protections compare to other repricing proposals. The representatives said they have not noticed or been alerted to any concerns.

“We don’t see a meaningful distinction between all the repricing proposals,” Bowring said. “We think they’re all subject to the kinds of issues that were raised by [Poulos].”

November 7, 2017

FERC May Consider Hydro License Changes

By Rich Heidorn Jr.

FERC may consider additional changes to its hydropower licensing rules following a review prompted by President Trump’s March 2017 executive order to eliminate burdens on domestic power production.

Executive Order 13783, “Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth,” required executive branch officials to review their regulations, orders and policies and eliminate those that “unduly burden the development of domestic energy resources.”

On Nov. 1, FERC published in the Federal Register a 30-page report in response, saying it had found several potential changes involving its hydropower rules that the commission may consider. Commission staff emphasized that, as an independent agency, it was not required to respond to the order but was doing so voluntarily.

The report said “the vast majority of agency actions relating to the commission’s hydropower program do not present a material burden.”

But it said the commission “could consider” revising its regulations to:

Make optional the integrated licensing process (ILP), which is currently the default — requiring applicants to justify the use of the traditional licensing process or the alternative licensing process;
Make optional the requirement to submit a draft license application or preliminary licensing proposal before submitting a final license application as part of the prefiling process;
Reducing comment and filing deadlines to save three months in the three- to three-and-a-half-year process for obtaining an integrated license;
Increasing the threshold — currently 5 MW — for eligibility for the “simplified and expeditious licensing procedure for small hydroelectric power projects” under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act;
Removing the requirement that facilities eligible for license exemptions under PURPA Section 405 install or increase the capacity of their facilities;
“Explicitly” allow applicants for small hydropower exemptions to convert their exemption applications to a license application if the exemption is rejected; and
Allow hydro operators whose license applications are rejected to resubmit their applications once the deficiencies are corrected.

Next Steps up to Commission

FERC spokeswoman Mary O’Driscoll emphasized that the response is a FERC staff report. “The commission itself will determine what steps to take on any and all matters related to this,” she said in an email. “We cannot predict, nor can we surmise, what the commission will do in the future.”

The response to the executive order also says the commission “currently is considering comments” on its policies on the length of hydropower licenses, an apparent reference to the responses to its 2016 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (RM17-4).

FERC ISO-NE Hydropower President Trump licensing — Kerr Dam in Montana

O’Driscoll explained that the staff response was due Sept. 27, before the commission’s Oct. 19 meeting, at which it approved a policy statement setting a 40-year default license term. The commission said the change will reduce administrative costs and encourage dam owners to upgrade capacity and make environmental or recreational investments (PL17-3). (See FERC Sets 40-Year Term for Hydro Licenses.)

Prefiling Requirement for LNG Terminals

Commission staff also reviewed but found no rules to recommend changing regarding LNG terminals; natural gas pipeline and storage facility siting; generator interconnection policies; and electric capacity markets in PJM, ISO-NE and NYISO.

For example, staff examined the prefiling process for LNG terminals and related facilities but ultimately decided “there is no need for the commission to consider any revision.”

Commission regulations require applicants to use its prefiling process for at least 180 days before filing an application. Staff said that although the Natural Gas Act only requires prefilings for terminals and not “related” facilities, gas pipelines and the terminals they serve need to be evaluated together to avoid segmentation under the National Environmental Policy Act.

“Further, the prefiling process allows stakeholders to become involved in the overall project at an early stage, and applicants can benefit from stakeholders’ early identification and resolution of issues that may overlap with the LNG terminal. Without using the prefiling process for related jurisdictional natural gas facilities, delays could occur during the application review, when issues are first identified and need resolution,” staff said. “Thus, although this regulation may result in delays or additional costs to the applicant early on in a project’s development, its overall result is a more timely application review.”

November 7, 2017

CEOs See Dollar Signs in ZECs, PJM Price Formation

By Rory D. Sweeney

The CEOs for three of the largest companies that stand to gain from proposed price supports for nuclear and coal generators used their third-quarter earnings calls last week to praise FERC, the Department of Energy, PJM and states for their attention to the issue.

price formation exelon pseg dominion earnings q3 — Crane | © *RTO Insider*

Exelon’s Chris Crane, Public Service Enterprise Group’s Ralph Izzo and Dominion Energy’s Thomas F. Farrell II all made a point to thank the RTO, states or federal agencies who have made — or are considering — changes to funnel additional money to the generators, which the companies argue are critical to the grid but undervalued in markets.

And they had good reason to. Crane said “each dollar [per] megawatt-hour of distortion caused by a flawed market design” costs the company $135 million per year. Izzo said each dollar change in per-megawatt-hour revenue from PJM is worth $55 million pre-tax to his company.

“We commend [Energy Secretary Rick Perry] for focusing attention on the need to reform the energy markets, and ensure that our customers continue to benefit from the resilient system,” Crane said. “Between these efforts and state initiatives, we’re optimistic about the path to preserve nuclear power plants. … We are confident that the FERC actions around resiliency will facilitate needed power price reforms in PJM that will fairly compensate our generating assets.”

The DOE’s Notice of Proposed Rulemaking “is aimed at protecting our customers from outages resulting from manmade and natural interruptions on the gas system by preserving resilient generation sources, including nuclear,” he said.

PSEG is “on track … to reduce the all-in cost per megawatt-hour of its nuclear operations by 10% from the average cost experienced during the prior three years,” Izzo said. “But energy prices influenced by the availability of natural gas have declined by a greater degree during this time frame.

“We believe that the DOE NOPR is necessary. … We recommend that measures adopted in response to the DOE NOPR should be viewed as an interim [solution] until effective mechanisms can be developed that recognize these attributes in the market,” he said. “State action also remains critical to prevent the loss of these units. We believe state action can be done [in a] way that both maintains the integrity of the wholesale market and serves as a bridge until a regional [or] federal solution is in place.”

State ZEC Programs

Farrell didn’t want to speculate on the outcome of the NOPR, but said “Connecticut certainly hasn’t been willing to depend on it.” He said he expects Connecticut lawmakers to follow Illinois and New York in establishing a zero-emission credit program to support nuclear units.

Last week, Gov. Dannel Malloy signed a bill that could allow Dominion’s Millstone nuclear plant in Waterford, Conn., to compete in a state-sponsored solicitation for zero-carbon electricity if officials conclude it is in the best interest of ratepayers. Malloy, however, said he believes the plant is profitable and does not need a subsidy.

“Dominion Energy thanks the general assembly for giving Millstone this opportunity and is grateful to the Malloy administration for his work in negotiating the current form of the legislation,” Farrell said.

“We weren’t surprised” by approval of the legislation, he added. “We’ve been working on it for two years and been deeply involved in it for that period of time.”

Joe Dominguez, Exelon’s vice president of governmental and regulatory affairs and public policy, also praised the Connecticut legislation and said that his lobbying efforts aren’t done.

“We have been [in] very productive discussions both in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. We’ll continue to do that,” he said.

He said that the ZEC programs are designed to decrease if energy-market reforms happen, so “it will not be a double-dip here.”

Izzo said PSEG is lobbying as well.

“Depending on what happens at the federal level, there remains the opportunity for New Jersey to recognize certain attributes that perhaps are not explicitly identified at the federal level,” he said. “We are just in a series of conversations with people right now. We are just making sure they understand what our nuclear plants mean to New Jersey.”

FERC Action

Izzo and Crane agreed FERC should order PJM to revise its price formation methodology, a move Izzo called a “no brainer” and “long overdue.” Crane anticipated changes by as early as mid-2018.

In its comments to FERC on the NOPR, PJM suggested such reforms in arguing that large, inflexible units should be able to set LMPs. (See Critics Slam PJM’s NOPR Alternative as ‘Windfall’.)

Defining “resiliency” has been an ongoing debate, but Dominguez said PJM’s Capacity Performance design makes the discussion quantitative.

“We were able to value the cost of incremental reliability associated with dual fuel, so if the design basis ultimately ends up being we need 90 days of fuel, we have a mathematical way of calculating what’s the market solution to get dual-fuel resources to 90 days of fuel with it,” he said. “That would probably be $8 or $10/MWh in terms of doing that based on the cost we saw in CP.”

A rule from FERC that boosted power prices could also leave smaller retail competitors who have been “aggressive” in their pricing vulnerable to acquisitions by large, integrated energy companies like Exelon, Crane said.

“Any time we’ve seen a volatility event … we’ve had opportunities to acquire companies in that type of environment,” Crane said.

Izzo said he was wary of projections that rules on price formation will increase PJM energy prices by $2 to $4/MWh, saying it ignores other factors that can have an impact.

“What [is the impact] of pipelines that may change the basis differential of gas in Western PJM versus Eastern PJM? What [is the impact of] future carbon constraints that may or may not be part of a subsequent administration in Washington?” he said. “Some people on this call may want to go see their children in their Halloween parades; otherwise I would list a thousand other factors that should go into people’s thought process before making those kind of investment decisions.”

Earnings

Crane said the Illinois Power Authority’s decision last month to delay the finalization of the procurement of the ZEC contracts from December 2017 to January 2018 will shift 9 cents of earnings per share from 2017 to 2018.

Exelon earned $824 million ($0.85/share) in the third quarter, missing expectations by 1 cent but improving on the 53 cents/share earned in the same quarter a year ago. Revenue of $8.77 billion beat expectations by $90 million but was down from $9 billion a year ago. Operating earnings were 85 cents/share, compared to 91 cents/share for the third quarter of 2016.

While Exelon hasn’t escaped the industry’s cyclical nature, “we’ve gained greater flexibility with programs like the ZEC,” Crane said.

Dominion posted operating earnings of $672 million ($1.04/share) for the third quarter of 2017, which beat expectations by 2 cents but was down from $716 million ($1.14/share) for the same period in 2016. Revenue of $3.18 billion missed expectations by $110 million but was up from $3.13 billion in the third quarter of 2016.

PSEG reported third-quarter operating earnings of $417 million ($0.82/share), which missed estimates by 2 cents and was down from $444 million ($0.88/share) a year ago.

Seeking Alpha provided the earnings calls transcripts for this article.

November 7, 2017

AMP Questions $400M in Added PJM Tx Upgrades

By Rory D. Sweeney

PJM’s announcement on Thursday of plans to recommend more than $400 million in transmission upgrades — just weeks after the RTO’s Board of Managers authorized $1 billion in spending — sparked pushback from American Municipal Power, which said the RTO ignored questions about the effectiveness of several of the projects.

Staff plan to recommend adding the projects to PJM’s Regional Transmission Expansion Plan at the board’s Dec. 4 meeting.

AMP’s Ryan Dolan questioned PJM’s analysis of several of the reliability projects, arguing that the proposed solutions fail to address all issues at the nodes in question and will necessitate additional construction in the future. He was displeased that PJM plans to recommend the projects even though, he said, concerns were raised about their effectiveness from a “holistic planning” perspective at a sub-regional RTEP discussion the previous day.

“For some of these projects, basically … [PJM is] planning on making these recommendations no matter what comments were provided,” Dolan said. “I think it would be useful to give time between when we make recommendations to when the last review of a project is to ensure any of the comments … that were brought up … can actually be accounted for.”

American Municipal Power AMP transmission upgrades — Sims | © *RTO Insider*

PJM’s Mark Sims responded that all information underlying the RTO’s recommendation has been available throughout the planning process and that recommendations can change as additional information is added to the analysis.

“We’ve been transparent with all the steps along the way,” he said.

The $400 million in additional projects will be recommended as the result of a reliability analysis for the 2021/22 delivery year, Sims said. They include eight projects from the first RTEP proposal window for 2017, along with 13 projects that were previously identified.

transmission upgrades American Municipal Power AMP — Dumitriu | © *RTO Insider*

The recommendations also include one market efficiency project proposed by American Electric Power to address a thermal constraint on the Tanners Creek-Dearborn 345-kV circuit. PJM’s Nick Dumitriu explained that AEP’s $600,000 solution would upgrade equipment at the Tanners Creek station, removing price separation in the Duke Energy Ohio/Kentucky (DEOK) locational deliverability area in the 2020/21 Base Residual Auction Capacity Emergency Transfer Limit (CETL) study.

PJM rejected two other proposals for the same constraint that estimated costs at $4.9 million and $12.7 million.

RTO staff confirmed the upgrades will be included in the model for the 2021/22 BRA.

AMP has become increasingly critical of transmission spending in PJM. In September, the company released a report showing that more than half of the $24.3 billion in transmission spending in the RTO since 2012 were supplemental projects by transmission owners and were not needed to comply with RTO or federal reliability requirements. (See Report Decries Rising PJM Tx Costs; Seeks Project Transparency.)

November 7, 2017

MISO in ‘Good Shape’ for Winter Operations

By Amanda Durish Cook

CARMEL, Ind. — MISO expects to easily manage this winter’s anticipated 103.4 GW of peak demand with an estimated 142 GW of available capacity, stakeholders recently learned during a trio of meetings focusing on winter preparedness.

“We certainly can’t be complacent. … In winter, just like in every season, we have to be ready for anything thrown at us, but we’re prepared,” MISO Executive Vice President of Operations Richard Doying said during a Nov. 6 winter readiness workshop.

MISO peak demand winter reserve margin — Northern Indiana Public Service Co. crews make repairs after a late December storm in 2015 | *NIPSCO*

Using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration projections, MISO predicts this winter will be warmer than normal in its Central and South regions, while temperatures in the North region will be normal to below normal.

Darius Monson of MISO’s resource adequacy coordination group said the RTO’s winter reserve margin is expected to vary between 28.3 and 37.3% without factoring in outages.

“That’s a fairly good position to be in,” Doying said.

However, the reserve margin could range from 6.7 to 19.3% after taking possible outages into account, Monson said, compared with this year’s footprint-wide 15.8% planning reserve margin requirement. The RTO used historical outage data to predict winter outage levels anywhere from the more probable 23.3 GW, to 28.7 GW in a high load, extreme outage scenario. MISO might need to rely on behind-the-meter generation and demand response resources to meet peak demand under that scenario, Monson said.

The RTO does not predict any major constraints or thermal and voltage issues during the winter.

Engineer Katherine Hulet said MISO did not uncover any potential issues through its biannual Coordinated Seasonal Assessment. The study evaluates a variety of stressed conditions across the MISO footprint and identifies potential limitations and issues on the system for the upcoming winter.

Hulet said the RTO studied possible transmission contingencies, potential transfer contingencies, voltage stability and possible phase angle differences, but found no cause for concern.

“It really looks like MISO’s in pretty good shape. Not only are there capacity resources, but the transmission is in a position do well,” Reliability Subcommittee Chair Tony Jankowski said during a Nov. 2 conference call.

Jankowski asked if MISO is considering performing seasonal studies for shoulder periods. Hulet said seasonal studies will continue to be limited to summer and winter.

Jankowski urged operators to ensure all generators are in good repair. “Eventually that arctic air will make it into our footprint,” he warned.

Doying also said MISO is well-positioned for winter reliance on natural gas.

“We have access to just about all pipeline interconnections. Actually, most of the gas storage in the country is located within MISO,” Doying said during an Oct. 31 Markets Committee of the Board of Directors conference call. The RTO expects gas storage inventories nationwide to peak at 3.8 Tcf this winter, slightly below the five-year average, and prices to continue hovering around $3/MMBtu into winter.

Independent Market Monitor David Patton said MISO’s proximity to gas storage makes it easier to quickly ensure fuel supplies if a pipeline goes down, whereas the New England region doesn’t have such supply backups, requiring more Northeast generators to have dual-fuel capability.

“We’re ready until the next polar vortex presents a whole new realm of challenges,” MISO Chairman Paul Bonavia remarked jokingly.

November 5, 2017January 3, 2024

Weather Leaves Alliant Profit Down Despite Rate Hikes

Despite two rate increases that took effect earlier this year, Alliant Energy’s third-quarter results were down year over year because of mild weather this summer.

The Madison, Wis.-based company announced a quarterly profit of $174.3 million ($0.75/share), down from $179.7 million ($0.80/share) a year earlier. Alliant attributed the slump to mild conditions, higher depreciation expenses and higher energy efficiency cost recovery amortization at subsidiary Wisconsin Power and Light (WPL).

CEO Patricia Kampling said earnings would have been on target with earlier estimates had summer temperatures been on par with historical averages.

“This quarter, we continued to produce solid financial and operational results,” Kampling said. “With three quarters of the year behind us, I am pleased to report that our anticipated … temperature-normalized earnings for fiscal year 2017 are in line with the original midpoint of our 2017 earnings guidance. However, taking into account year-to-date temperatures, which resulted in an estimated 6 cents/share of lower earnings, we are updating 2017 adjusted earnings per share guidance to a midpoint of $1.93.”

Alliant provided year-end guidance between $1.89 and $1.97/share.

The earnings announcement follows regulatory approval of two Alliant rate hikes this year. Interstate Power and Light’s interim electric base rate increase was approved in April, while WPL’s electric and gas base rate increases were implemented in January. They will boost annual revenues by $102 million and $18 million per year, respectively. Also in January, Alliant discontinued WPL’s practice of offering winter rates that are lower than summer rates.

— Amanda Durish Cook

November 5, 2017

ISO-NE Plans for Hybrid Grid, Flat Loads, More Gas

By Michael Kuser

New England will see its grid integrate more renewable resources and increase its reliance on natural gas-fired generation over the coming decade, according to ISO-NE’s 2017 Regional System Plan.

ISO-NE CAISO Natural Gas hybrid competitive retail solution — | *ISO-NE*

The plan, which forecasts power system needs through 2026, highlights increasing wind and solar penetration, flat load growth and fuel security concerns because of natural gas pipeline constraints. The forecasts are in line with those aired at a public hearing on the plan in September. (See ISO-NE Forecast Sees Flat Loads, More Solar, No Congestion.)

Declining Load, Increasing Retirements

With growing penetration of solar and energy-efficiency resources, the forecast shows the 10-year net energy for load decreasing from 126,786 GWh in 2017 to 119,680 GWh in 2026, a decline of 0.6% per year.

The 50/50 net summer peak forecast of 26,482 MW for 2017 declines to 26,310 MW for 2026. The 90/10 net summer peak forecast, which captures extreme heat waves, is 28,865 MW for 2017 and grows by 0.1% per year to 29,021 MW in 2026.

Retirements will likely be the key driver for new resources. From 2010 to summer 2020, power plant retirements will total approximately 4,800 MW, said the report, which notes that economic and environmental pressures are putting older oil, coal and nuclear generators at risk. Retiring resources are likely to be replaced by gas, wind and solar resources, resulting in a “hybrid” of renewable and conventional generation, the RTO said.

As of April 2017, nearly 13,000 MW of resources had applied to connect to the high-voltage grid, though the interconnection queue historically has had an attrition rate of 68% of the megawatts proposed. The most reliable and economic siting for new resources remains near load centers in southern New England.

Adequate Resources

The 11th Forward Capacity Auction, held in February 2017, procured sufficient resources to meet resource adequacy criteria through 2021, with about 264 MW of new generation, including 6 MW of wind, 5 MW of solar and 640 MW of new demand-side resources, including 515 MW of energy efficiency.

The regional net installed capacity requirement (ICR) is based on gross load and load reductions from behind-the-meter PV. The representative net ICR is expected to grow from 34,300 MW in 2022 to 35,700 MW in 2026, the report said.

Fuel Security Concerns

The report cites fuel security risks from the failure of the natural gas pipeline infrastructure to keep up with the growth in gas-fired generation, a particular concern during winter.

ISO-NE is conducting an analysis to quantify the region’s risk, the results of which will be discussed with stakeholders in 2018. The RTO delayed issuing the report in October following the Department of Energy’s proposal to subsidize uneconomic coal and nuclear generators. (See RTOs Reject NOPR; Say Fuel Risks Exaggerated.)

Solar PV resources totaled 1,918 MW (nameplate capacity) at the end of 2016. The RTO projects that will more than double to 4,733 MW by 2026, producing about 6.2 GWh of energy that year. PV resources are estimated to reduce summer peak loads by 575 MW this year and by 1,035 MW in 2026.

New England has 1,300 MW of installed wind with about 5,400 MW more proposed as of April 2017. Massachusetts in July launched a solicitation for 400 MW in offshore wind, with proposals due in December.

The RTO sees the role of energy storage growing over the next decade as the technology’s costs decline. The region’s first grid-scale battery system, a 16-MW facility at Yarmouth Station in Maine, was placed online in 2016.

From 2002 and June 2017, the region spent $8.4 billion on 730 transmission upgrades to improve system reliability and reduce congestion. As of June 2017, an additional $4 billion in transmission investment for reliability was planned. The RTO expects the need for major transmission projects for reliability to decline through 2026 but said the integration of large-scale renewable energy resources could change that forecast.

November 5, 2017

FERC Denies Rehearing on ISO-NE Retirement Rule Changes

By Michael Kuser

FERC last week denied requests for rehearing of its April 2016 order that approved capacity market changes to prevent ISO-NE generation owners from retiring resources that are still economic (ER16-551-003).

The new rules changed how retiring generators declare their intention with de-list bids — the minimum capacity price that will keep the plant operating — and gave the RTO the power to keep a unit operating if needed for reliability.

ISO-NE said the changes were needed to prevent suppliers from retiring a generator to increase prices for the remainder of the supplier’s portfolio. It followed an uproar over the closing of the 1,517-MW Brayton Point plant in Massachusetts. (See FERC Approves Changes to ISO-NE Retirement Rules.)

In a July 2016 order, FERC also approved a 10% mitigation threshold allowing ISO-NE to substitute the Internal Market Monitor’s cost estimate in place of the supplier’s de-list bid if the Monitor found the supplier had overstated the operating costs of the plant by 10% or more.

Section 205 Rights

The New England Power Generators Association, Exelon and NextEra Energy Resources asked FERC to reconsider the initial order, saying the rule changes forced them to cede to ISO-NE their Section 205 rights to file rates with the commission.

FERC concluded that although the Tariff changes add steps to the bid review process, they do not fundamentally alter the process in a manner that infringes on the suppliers’ rights to file rates. “The Internal Market Monitor’s mitigation is an input into a market-based capacity auction governed by ISO-NE’s Tariff that generates the Forward Capacity Auction’s clearing price,” the commission said in its Oct. 30 order.

ISO-NE FERC Retirement Capacity Auction — | *ISO-NE*

The commission said “this market construct is distinguishable from a supplier’s right to file cost-of-service rates with the commission pursuant to Section 205 of the [Federal Power Act]. We reject petitioners’ implicit contention that ISO-NE does not provide a jurisdictional service and that the Forward Capacity Auction is the suppliers’, instead of ISO-NE’s, rate.”

The commission also disagreed with the generators’ assertion that FERC provided no evidence that ISO-NE’s proposal represented a balance between possible over-mitigation and the need to curb market power.

“On balance, we are persuaded that the need to address possible price distortion due to a retiring supplier potentially exercising market power to impact the market clearing price outweighs the risk of lower capacity prices resulting from possible over-mitigation,” the commission said.

Two-Run Clearing

FERC also rejected the generators’ complaint that the two-run clearing mechanism in the new rules — under which capacity needed to replace a retiring resource could receive a higher price — was discriminatory.

“To the extent that the second run yields a higher price than the first run, this would result from the Internal Market Monitor’s determination that a resource has sought to retire uneconomically,” the commission said. “Therefore, it is necessary to limit suppliers that cleared in the first run to that clearing price to ensure the auction’s competitiveness and protect consumers from the exercise of market power. We find this mechanism is necessary to ensure that non-retiring suppliers themselves are not unduly discriminated against due to a retiring supplier’s exercise of market power.”

The commission dismissed as moot the generators’ request that the mitigation threshold — which FERC’s April 2016 order required the RTO to add — “is in addition to, and not a substitute for, flexibility with respect to forecasts and other inputs of exit bids.”

The commission said its July order approving the threshold had already made that point clear.

November 5, 2017

FERC Approves ISO-NE Queue Clustering

By Michael Kuser

FERC last week approved ISO-NE’s proposal to cluster interconnection requests to relieve a backlog in the queue for northern and western Maine.

The revisions, effective Nov. 1, will allow the RTO to consider interconnection requests and allocated network upgrade costs in groups rather than individually.

The commission’s Oct. 31 order said that the changes “increase efficiencies, better inform the decisions of project developers and allow project developers to share the costs of the upgrades necessary to accommodate their interconnection” (ER17-2421). (See ISO-NE Files Cluster Study Rules; Window to Open in Nov.)

The RTO will use its new clustering procedure in addition to its “first-ready, first-served” serial interconnection request system. “When specific conditions are present in the ISO’s interconnection queue, the proposed methodology would allow two or more interconnection requests to be analyzed in the same system impact study and for developers to share costs for certain interconnection-related transmission upgrades,” ISO-NE said.

Together with the New England Power Pool’s Participants Committee and the Participating Transmission Owners Administrative Committee, the grid operator proposed implementing the clustering methodology first to address the queue backlog in Maine, where more than 5,800 MW of proposed resources, mostly wind, want to connect to the grid.

Long-Term Benefits

The commission rejected protests by RENEW Northeast, American Wind Energy Association, EDP Renewables and King Pine Wind, who argued it would be unjust and unreasonable to allow the clustering revisions to take effect before Massachusetts issues the results of its 2016 request for proposals. Owners of generation projects in northern and western Maine were among the respondents.

“Given the overall expected long-term benefits of the [revisions], we find that, on balance, it would be inappropriate to wholly reject the revisions to accommodate a subset of interconnection customers in the near term,” FERC said.

RENEW asserted that solicitations like Massachusetts’ determine which renewable generation projects are viable for interconnection construction and, thus, which projects execute power purchase agreements that include recovery of network upgrade costs. EDP said that ISO-NE could avoid such timing issues by aligning the implementation of the clustering with the timing of the Massachusetts RFP process.

NEPOOL responded that RENEW provided an alternative proposal in the stakeholder process to synchronize the interconnection cluster study process with the state’s energy procurement process, but only 40% of Participants Committee stakeholders favored the proposal.

The commission denied protesters’ request to delay implementation of the clustering revisions until 30 days after the results of the Massachusetts RFP are released. FERC also rejected protests that the misalignment between the cluster study process and state procurement processes would cause the first cluster to collapse because interconnection customers not selected for the RFP will withdraw from it. FERC noted that the RTO’s new rules “allow for full refund of the cluster participation deposit in such instances.”

The commission also was not persuaded by arguments that moving an interconnection customer that does not agree to join the cluster to the bottom of the queue is unjust and unreasonable.

“The clustering revisions appropriately aim to ensure that only those interconnection customers that are ready to move forward in the interconnection process participate in phase two of the cluster studies, [which] is consistent with the ‘first-ready, first-served’ approach that the commission discussed as a possible queue reform measure in RTO/ISOs as early as 2008,” the commission said.

November 5, 2017

FERC Approves CAISO Black Start Changes

By Jason Fordney

FERC last week approved CAISO Tariff changes to establish a process for selecting and procuring black start resources needed to restore segments of California’s transmission system in the event of regional outages.

Black start refers to the ability of a generating unit to begin operating without assistance from the electric grid. Such units are needed to restart other generation and restore the grid after widespread outages; they have certain requirements under the ISO’s Tariff.

CAISO FERC black start — CAISO needs additional black start capability in the San Francisco area

CAISO staff last year determined that additional black start capability was needed in the transmission-constrained San Francisco Bay Area, prompting staff to develop new procurement standards to be applied across the ISO. (See CAISO Board OKs Black Start, TAC Area, EIM Charter Measures.)

The changes reorganize and consolidate certain black start provisions, create rules for technical requirements and operating tests, and remove outdated provisions. They also designate the cost of incremental black start as a reliability cost and allocate it to the transmission owner in the area where the units are located (ER17-2237).

The new black start provisions entail significant involvement of the affected TO — in this case Pacific Gas and Electric — in drawing up technical specifications and vetting proposals from resources bidding into the solicitation. The ISO would have authority to accept or reject a TO’s recommended resources. PG&E supported the changes and cost allocation method.

Under the new rules, CAISO will use a cost-of-service approach to compensate selected resources, rather than provide a capacity-type payment sufficient to support the operation of an otherwise unprofitable generator.

FERC said the revisions improve the reliability and clarity of the Tariff.

“Because individual black start capacity resources do not benefit all parts of the system equally, it is just and reasonable to recover these costs from a participating transmission owner where the resource is located and serves the reliability need,” FERC said. No parties objected to the cost allocation, and the benefits were roughly commensurate with the costs, the commission said.

To comply with CAISO rules, black start generators must make a minimum number of starts, operate in standalone and parallel modes, be able to pick up load during start-up load, produce and absorb reactive power, and have communication and control equipment.