Page 1266 – RTO Insider

October 11, 2017

CPP Supporters Hope for Action by DC Circuit

By Rich Heidorn Jr.

Now that EPA has reversed its position on the legality of the Clean Power Plan, some supporters of the program say the appellate court that heard oral arguments a year ago should rule on the issue.

EPA CPP D.C. Circuit Clean Power Plan — Pruitt | *EPA*

In proposing to repeal the CPP, EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt said Tuesday that the Obama administration overreached its legal authority under Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act by ordering generators to take actions “outside the fence line” of individual generators. (See EPA to Announce Clean Power Plan Repeal.)

That was one of the central issues in the appeal that Pruitt, as Oklahoma attorney general, filed along with more than two dozen other states after the CPP was issued in August 2015. In September 2016, the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals heard oral arguments on that and other legal challenges to the plan.

In August, however, the D.C. Circuit agreed to hold the case in abeyance after President Trump’s executive order calling on EPA to reconsider the rule.

Judicial Economy

Attorney Tim Profeta, director of Duke University’s Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, said Tuesday that the D.C. Circuit should now rule on the case because of “the logic and judicial economy of the situation.”

“You’ve got the court of jurisdiction having heard en banc the precise legal arguments that are being made in this rule,” he said in an interview. “It’s fully briefed. It’s fully argued.”

If the court doesn’t act on the case before it, he said, “they will probably have the same case before them in new litigation that would have to be briefed and argued all over again. … There’s no reason for the court to waste its time and taxpayers’ money to relitigate the case,” he said.

David Doniger, director of the Natural Resources Defense Council’s Climate & Clean Air program, agreed. The court “could rule before [Pruitt] gets to the finish line on the repeal,” he said during a press conference Tuesday. “At least some of the judges there are looking at their wristwatches.”

Doniger was referring to the concurrence filed by Judges David S. Tatel and Patricia A. Millett on Aug. 8, when the court held the case in abeyance and ordered EPA to file reports monthly detailing the status of its review. The D.C. Circuit’s action followed the Supreme Court’s February 2016 stay preventing EPA from implementing the rule pending the legal challenges.

“As this court has held the case in abeyance, the Supreme Court’s stay now operates to postpone application of the Clean Power Plan indefinitely while the agency reconsiders and perhaps repeals the rule,” the two judges wrote. “That in and of itself might not be a problem but for the fact that, in 2009, EPA promulgated an endangerment finding, which we have sustained. … That finding triggered an affirmative statutory obligation to regulate greenhouse gases. Combined with this court’s abeyance, the stay has the effect of relieving EPA of its obligation to comply with that statutory duty for the indefinite future.”

During the oral arguments, Millett and Tatel had indicated sympathy for the Obama administration’s position that the CPP complied with Section 111(d). The term “best system of emission reduction” is “an awful broad grant” from Congress, Tatel said. “It says best system of emissions reduction,” he repeated twice, emphasizing “system.” (See Analysis: No Knock Out Blow for Clean Power Plan Foes in Court Arguments.)

Status Report

EPA filed a status report late Tuesday informing the court of the proposed repeal and asking it to continue holding the case in abeyance. “EPA will be signing in the near future an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking that will solicit information on systems of emission reduction that are in accord with the legal interpretation that has been proposed by EPA,” said the report, which was signed by Deputy Assistant Attorney General Eric Grant.

Doniger said NRDC, which intervened in the case on behalf of the Obama EPA, has the right to defend the CPP now even if the agency no longer does. “Depending on what [EPA does regarding the delayed ruling], we’ll respond,” he said. “If they don’t do anything, we may do something [to request a ruling.] … We deserve a resolution of the legality of the Obama rule.”

If it chooses not to rule now, the court could set a deadline for final EPA action or grant additional short-term delays “to keep the pressure on,” Doniger said.

An EPA spokeswoman declined to comment on the status of the D.C. Circuit case, referring questions to the Department of Justice, which also declined to comment.

During oral arguments, Justice Department attorney Eric Hostetler told the court it should back the CPP under the Supreme Court’s Chevron decision, which held that courts should defer to agencies’ interpretations of the laws they are charged with enforcing unless the court finds their actions unreasonable. “This is far from the first time EPA has relied on generation-shifting,” Hostetler said. EPA’s rule, he added, is a “proper and sensible” response for the “most urgent threat that our country has ever faced.”

Returning to Prior Interpretation

CPP critic Jeff Holmstead, a partner with Bracewell and former EPA assistant administrator for air and radiation, had a very different view.

“In today’s proposal, EPA is not breaking any new legal ground. It is simply returning to the position that EPA had taken, under all prior administrations except the Obama administration, regarding the way in which industrial facilities can be regulated under a particular provision of the Clean Air Act,” he said in a statement.

“Under the CPP, the Obama EPA claimed that this 45-year-old provision actually gave it the extraordinary power to restructure the entire U.S. power sector — requiring that coal-fired power plants be shut down and replaced by wind and solar facilities favored by the Obama administration. Virtually every major business group joined 27 states in challenging this claim, arguing that the CPP was an example of historic regulatory overreach.”

Single Source

According to a draft of the proposed rulemaking that was leaked last week, EPA said it will interpret the CAA’s “best system of emission reduction” as referring to measures “that can be applied to or at an individual stationary source. That is, such measures must be based on a physical or operational change to a building, structure, facility or installation at that source, rather than measures that the source’s owner or operator can implement on behalf of the source at another location.”

The draft indicated EPA will not seek to reverse the agency’s 2009 finding that GHGs endanger public health.

EPA’s Obligation to Act

Doniger said EPA’s “legal obligation is to have an effective standard and one that reflects how the power system actually works.”

“Pruitt is operating under a fictional view — a 125-year-old view — that each power plant is operating by itself and serving the surrounding community alone. … Pruitt is constructing a legal argument based on a factual fiction — it basically assumes that there is no grid and there is no interconnection. And that’s among the reasons why his legal view will not prevail.”

October 10, 2017

2nd Deficiency Notice Issued for MISO-PJM Pseudo-Tie Effort

By Amanda Durish Cook

MISO and PJM will submit new filings with FERC in response to a second deficiency letter regarding their pseudo-tie coordination efforts.

The commission’s deficiency letter seeks clarification on a proposed joint operating agreement revision that would allow the RTOs to terminate or suspend pseudo-ties that don’t acquire transmission service or follow modeling rules (ER17-2220). The language gives a native balancing authority the ability to redirect pseudo-tie output to avoid exceeding NERC operating limits. (See MISO, PJM Float Pseudo-Tie Coordination Plan.) PJM’s matching proposal triggered an identical deficiency letter (ER17-2218).

FERC’s lingering questions include how and under what circumstances a native reliability coordinator would commit, de-commit or redispatch pseudo-tied generation to avoid exceeding system operating limits or interconnection reliability operating limits, features both RTOs say would be beneficial for maintaining reliability. The commission also asked the RTOs to clarify what constitutes a pseudo-tie suspension and delineate the grounds for such suspensions. It also seeks clarity on the rationale behind the 42-month notice to terminate a PJM pseudo-tie, all the possible grounds for termination and what process will be in place to handle contested terminations. The RTOs have until Oct. 28 to respond.

MISO will be working internally and with PJM to draft a response to the deficiency letter, MISO Director of Market Engineering Kim Sperry said at an Oct. 5 Reliability Subcommittee meeting. She provided no other details. MISO and PJM introduced the coordination efforts in early July.

The most recent letter comes five months after the RTOs received a deficiency notice on their pseudo-tie pro forma agreement. The pro forma has since been approved by FERC staff, but the commission ― which has since gained a quorum ― could overturn that approval. (See FERC Conditionally OKs MISO’s Pseudo-tie Pro Forma.)

MISO’s Independent Market Monitor has protested the new JOA language, saying “nothing in the filing ameliorates the myriad significant problems caused by the pseudo ties.” For more than a year, Monitor David Patton has called for the complete elimination of pseudo-ties, arguing that the process produces dispatch and reliability risks along with expensive congestion that is difficult to manage.

October 10, 2017

Rejecting PJM ‘Wheel’-related Requests, FERC Sets Inquiry

By Rory D. Sweeney and Rich Heidorn Jr.

FERC on Thursday rejected a request by PJM to allow Linden VFT to convert the 330 MW of firm transmission on its lines between PJM and NYISO to non-firm, but the commission acknowledged it is moving forward with an investigation of the rules that required it to deny the request (ER17-2267).

The ruling mirrors one the commission made Sept. 8 in response to a similar request by Hudson Transmission Partners, which owns lines that carry 673 MW across the PJM-NYISO border (ER17-2073).

Those lines were part of a decades-old service agreement between Public Service Electric and Gas and Consolidated Edison that the latter company terminated in April. The service “wheeled” 1,000 MW from Upstate New York through PSE&G’s facilities in northern New Jersey and into New York City on the lines owned by Linden and Hudson.

A joint engineering analysis by PJM and NYISO found that continuing to wheel a 400-MW operational base flow (OBF) was the best option for maintaining system reliability. The OBF was implemented despite strong opposition from PJM stakeholders but is expected to be reduced to zero by 2021. (See NYISO Members OK End to Con Ed-PSEG Wheel.)

PJM FERC Linden VFT firm-flow entitlements — | *PJM*

In a separate order Friday, the commission approved changes to the PJM-NYISO joint operating agreement reflecting the new operational plan for the ABC and JK interfaces between New York and New Jersey, effective May 1, 2017 (ER17-905).

Linden and Hudson attempted to convert their firm transmission withdrawal rights to non-firm rights, but FERC denied both companies after PSE&G refused to accept the changes. Under the current rules, PSE&G has the right, as a party to the original interconnection service agreements (ISAs), to refuse them.

‘Preferential’ Rate

The New Jersey Board of Public Utilities, which supported PSE&G’s refusal, argued the requests are “an attempt to obtain a preferential rate for New York customers to the detriment of New Jersey ratepayers … because New York customers will continue to receive the same benefits … without any cost responsibility.” It also said the filings constitute “a collateral attack on PJM’s pending [Regional Transmission Expansion Plan] cost allocation methodology and its results in pending cost allocation proceedings” because the firm withdrawal rights are used in determining cost allocations. The changes would establish an alternative cost-allocation methodology “that would yield arbitrary results” compared to PJM’s current solution-based distribution factor (DFAX) method, the BPU said.

Following termination of the “wheel,” PJM asked FERC to reassign $533 million in costs related to the Bergen-Linden Corridor (BLC) project to Hudson, which the commission approved on April 25. The project upgrades facilities needed for the wheel. The New York Power Authority, which is contracted to use Hudson’s lines until 2033 and has taken control of the lines’ firm withdrawal rights, said the reassignment increased its allocation for the project to $645.42 million. It is seeking rehearing on the reassignment order (ER17-950).

FERC sided with PSE&G in both cases but acknowledged that the merchant transmission companies’ ISAs “may be unjust and unreasonable and unduly discriminatory” in not allowing the companies to unilaterally convert their firm transmission rights. The fact that the changes may impact PJM’s RTEP cost allocation “is a challenge to the justness and reasonableness of PJM’s RTEP cost allocation, not whether [the companies] should be able to relinquish [their firm transmission rights].”

In the Hudson case, FERC opened a separate docket (EL17-84). Linden, however, has already filed a complaint where FERC said it will address the issue (EL17-90).

Commissioner Cheryl LaFleur noted as part of the order rejecting Hudson’s request to convert its firm rights that she dissented in the order that applied the solution-based DFAX to the BLC. In certain situations, such as the short-circuit violations addressed in the BLC upgrades or the stability violations addressed by the Artificial Island project, “entities that use the lines may grossly overpay, while entities that benefit from resolution of the underlying violation underpay,” she said. (See Board Restarts Artificial Island Tx Project; Seeks Cost Allocation Fix.)

JOA Changes

In its order Friday, the commission approved revisions to interchange scheduling and market-to-market (M2M) coordination for the PJM-NYISO interfaces, finalizing a delegated order by FERC staff on March 31, when the commission lacked a quorum. The commission also rejected requests by PSE&G, the BPU and Linden to rehear the March 31 order.

The revised JOA combines the ABC and JK Interfaces with the 5018 line and the RTO’s Western ties into an aggregate PJM-NY AC proxy bus. The grid operators said the changes would make use of existing interchange scheduling constructs and support the phase angle regulators (PARs) on the interfaces. Pricing will reflect the impacts of imports and exports on the NYISO and PJM transmission systems, weighted by power flow distribution percentages.

In approving the changes, the commission:

Rejected complaints by PSE&G that there is no reliability need for the OBF and that the changes infringe on transmission owners’ rights;
Said Con Ed should not be charged for PJM RTEP projects, including the BLC project; and
Rejected NRG Energy’s protest over establishing a single price for the PJM-NY AC proxy bus and its complaint that the OBF is a barrier to open access under FERC Order 888.

October 10, 2017

Waiver Request Lands Lee Plant a FERC Inquiry

By Rory D. Sweeney

Dynegy attorneys undoubtedly thought they were helping their case with FERC by volunteering rate information to expedite the sale of its gas-fired Lee Energy Facility, but the filing instead raised questions that last week prompted the commission to initiate an inquiry into the plant’s reactive service rate schedule.

FERC reactive power waiver dynegy — Flexon | © *RTO Insider*

The company had asked FERC to waive a requirement to provide 90 days’ notice of a change in ownership of the 692-MW, eight-turbine facility in Dixon, Ill. (ER17-2321). According to records, Dynegy struck a deal on July 10 to sell the facility to Bruce Power “as soon as possible” (EC17-162). The plant required commission approval to transfer ownership, which it received last Tuesday, but Dynegy had only filed for the approval on Aug. 16. The 90-day period would have lasted until Nov. 14.

Dynegy filed the waiver request the same day it filed for approval of the sale. In support of the request, the company made an informational filing that outlined its commission-approved reactive power revenue requirements, which PJM must pay the facility for providing reactive service.

FERC approved the waiver, but it noticed the revenue requirements were incomplete, including the absence of any leading reactive power test data and only some lagging test data, which the commission said “appear to show that there is degradation of the MVAR output of all eight generator units.” Dynegy’s filing noted that each of the eight units has a nameplate rating of 53.63 MVAR, but that test data supported site-rated gross capabilities ranging from 28.42 to 32.68 MVAR. As a result, the commission established a proceeding to examine the justness and reasonableness of Lee’s reactive power rates (EL17-91).

A settlement judge will be assigned to the proceeding by Oct. 29 and have 30 days to agree on a settlement. Failing that, FERC will assign a presiding judge who must make an initial decision within 180 days of last week’s order being published in the Federal Register. The commission expects it would then take up to eight months to issue a final decision but would set the refund date to the date of publication.

Houston-based Dynegy operates about 31,400 MW of generation in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic and Midwest (including almost 1,800 MW from plants in which it shares ownership). The company has been fighting to save its coal-fired generation and was approached in May about a potential takeover. (See Report: Vistra Energy Suggests Takeover of Dynegy.)

Bruce Power is owned by Rockland Capital, based in The Woodlands, Texas. Rockland also owns about 10,000 MW of generation in the U.S. and England, along with the New Jersey-based Vineland Energy power marketer.

October 10, 2017

FERC Sidesteps Michigan Tx Ownership Dispute

By Amanda Durish Cook

FERC has declined to involve itself in a dispute over whether Consumers Energy must transfer ownership of transmission assets to its former subsidiary.

The commission said last week it does not have “exclusive jurisdiction” over whether Consumers Energy must transfer reclassified transmission assets to Michigan Electric Transmission Co. (EL17-48). METC argued that under a 15-year-old Distribution-Transmission Interconnection Agreement with Consumers, it had the ownership rights on several of Consumers’ distribution facilities reclassified as transmission facilities by NERC in 2012.

Consumers transferred its then-existing transmission facilities to subsidiary METC in 2001, then sold METC to Michigan Transco Holdings in 2002. As part of the sale, Consumers and METC signed the Distribution-Transmission Interconnection Agreement, which stipulates that “should future system modifications result in the reclassification of assets, the parties agree to convey ownership of those assets to the appropriate party.” Consumers argued that it should keep possession of the disputed assets because the reclassification was not caused by a “physical system modification.” METC was acquired by ITC Holdings in 2006.

FERC Consumers Energy reliability-must-run agreements — | *ITC*

FERC said the transmission ownership issue was a matter of contract interpretation that should be left to the courts. The commission also said there was no merit to Consumers’ argument that FERC is uniquely positioned to decide whether the assets should be transferred in because of its expertise in NERC reliability issues, the Federal Power Act and promoting competition in transmission development.

“The outcome of this matter appears to turn on interpretation of the parties’ intentions and construction of the [agreement] rather than any determination requiring the commission’s special expertise,” FERC said.

The commission also said the disagreement was a one-off situation that would be unlikely to create precedent because the company’s agreement was uncommon. “The [agreement] is a unique, bilateral, interconnection agreement covering a transaction in which a generation and distribution company sold its transmission assets to a third party. … [It] is not a standard or common provision in interconnection agreements. Thus, the outcome of this proceeding would not determine a general policy … and the resolution of the contractual dispute here likely will have little effect beyond the parties involved.”

October 10, 2017

FERC to Review Illinois Plant’s Reactive Rates

FERC last week opened hearing procedures to determine the fairness of reactive power rates for an east central Illinois gas-fired generating plant.

The 195-MW Tilton Energy plant made an informational and rate schedule filing in April, spurred by a change in upstream ownership. The company did not propose a change to its current rate schedule, explaining that the plant “is being transferred completely intact” with no interruption of its reactive service. In the last decade, Tilton has changed hands from Dynegy to LS Power to current parent Rockland Capital.

FERC reactive power rates tilton energy — Tilton Energy Center | *Google Maps*

While the commission accepted Tilton’s informational filing and unchanged rate schedule, it instigated settlement proceedings and set an Oct. 5 refund date, explaining that Tilton’s current reactive power capability may have degraded since FERC approved a $781,383 annual revenue requirement for the plant in 2010 (ER17-1428, EL17-79).

— Amanda Durish Cook

October 10, 2017

Counterflow: Anatomy of the New Cash for Clunkers

By Steve Huntoon

Murray Energy Cash for Clunkers — Huntoon

Those of us who dwell in the economic/regulatory/public policy realm wonder about the origins of atrocious public policy. Where did it come from? Whose awful idea was this?

In the case of the Department of Energy’s Cash for Clunkers proposal, we pretty much know.

Robert Murray, owner of the coal mining company Murray Energy,^[1] was a large fundraiser for candidate Donald Trump during the campaign.^[2] After the election, Murray had a couple of meetings with President Trump at which the president promised Murray to do whatever he (and FirstEnergy) wanted Trump to do. I’m not making this up.^[3]

What Murray wanted was for Rick Perry, the secretary of energy, to declare an emergency on the electric grid so that FirstEnergy would keep buying a lot of coal from Murray’s coal mining company. Again, I’m not making this up.

Now it seems that pesky government lawyers figured out that the supposed basis for such an action, Section 202(c) of the Federal Power Act, couldn’t possibly justify that. “The White House and the Department of Energy are in agreement that the evidence does not warrant the use of this emergency action.”^[4]

At this point, a lot of us naively assumed it was safe to go back about our business. We were wrong.

Somebody came up with Plan B (or more like Plan 9) of using an even more obscure federal statute to tell FERC to have a rulemaking to subsidize the coal and nuclear clunkers in the country. So here we are.

It’s as simple and sad as that.

You may remember Robert Murray from the Crandall Canyon Mine collapse in which six miners and three rescuers perished, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/09/us/08cnd-mine.html; http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/07/24/mine.collapse/index.html. ↑
http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/284261-coal-executive-to-hold-fundraiser-for-trump; https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2017/02/murray-energy-record-giving-2016/. ↑
https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3936141/Murray-s-letters-to-Trump-administration.pdf. ↑
https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060059081. ↑

October 10, 2017

FERC Approves ISO-NE CONE, Offer Trigger Updates

By Michael Kuser

FERC on Friday accepted ISO-NE’s updated cost of new entry (CONE) and offer review trigger price (ORTP), effective March 15, 2017 (ER17-795).

The RTO, which is required to recalculate the values every three years, will apply the revisions in Forward Capacity Auction 12 in February 2018 for the June 2021–May 2022 capacity commitment period, as well as in FCAs 13 and 14.

In its Oct. 6 order, the commission agreed with ISO-NE on every point and refuted every protest filed by the New England Power Generators Association (NEPGA). The RTO changed the reference resource on which it bases the CONE and net CONE values from the combined cycle gas turbine chosen in 2014 to a simple cycle generator, citing it as the most economically efficient, with a net CONE value of $8.04/kW-month. The grid operator cited the combined cycle turbine as the next most efficient resource type, with a net CONE of $10/kW-month.

CONE ISO-NE cost of new entry — | *ISO-NE*

NEPGA argued that zonal clearing prices in FCAs 7-9 were at or above $14.99/kW-month, which indicated that the actual CONE is higher than ISO-NE’s proposed value. The commission disagreed, saying “NEPGA has not persuaded us that the proposed net CONE value will result in a starting price that will limit investment and competition in the FCA.”

Regarding NEPGA’s comment that ISO-NE’s consultant on the Tariff revisions, Concentric Energy Advisors, listed a production tax credit value as 15 cents/kWh, rather than 1.5 cents/kWh, the commission noted that “this appears to be a typographical error that is not carried forward into Concentric’s calculation of the actual ORTP value.”

The commission also approved ORTP values of $7.856/kW-month for combined cycles, $6.503/kW-month for combustion turbines, $11.025/kW-month for onshore wind, $0/kW-month for energy efficiency, $1.008/kW-month for large demand response and $7.559/kW-month for mass-market DR. Offers below the technology-specific thresholds are subject to review by the RTO’s Market Monitor for buyer-side market mitigation.

October 10, 2017

FERC Approves NY Black Start Rule Change

FERC on Friday approved NYISO’s more stringent testing requirements for generators providing black start and system restoration services (ER17-2271). The changes, effective Oct. 8, require that generators participating in the Consolidated Edison local system restoration plan comply with all applicable testing requirements imposed by mandatory reliability standards.

The New York State Reliability Council (NYSRC) last November approved proposed reliability rule 133, which requires that all generators providing restoration services annually test their ability to energize a dead bus without support from the transmission system. NYSRC coordinates its reliability rules with NERC and the Northeast Power Coordinating Council.

NYISO FERC black start climate change — New York skyline when half the city was in blackout due to a power failure during Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Midtown, with the Empire State Building, is in the background with the darkened East Village and other parts of downtown in the foreground.

Con Ed in 2016 became a NERC-registered transmission operator and must comply with NERC reliability standard EOP-005-2.3.

The commission’s Oct. 6 order dismissed a protest from NRG Energy that the proposed change would give Con Ed “sole discretion to change black start testing rules at any time, without NYISO stakeholder or commission review, or adequate notice to affected generators.” NYISO had responded to NRG that any changes to its System Restoration Manual are subject to review by stakeholders, posted for review at least 15 days prior to a scheduled committee approval and must be approved by 58% of voting members of the applicable committee.

FERC agreed: “Of note, in this case, NYISO stakeholders have already reviewed and unanimously approved revisions to the System Restoration Manual that include specific black start testing requirements in the Con Edison plan.”

— Michael Kuser

October 10, 2017

FERC Grants Developer Incentive Rates for Duff-Coleman Project

By Amanda Durish Cook

LS Power’s Republic Transmission last week won FERC approval for incentives to construct MISO’s first competitively bid transmission project.

FERC granted Republic’s requests for a return on equity adder of 50 basis points for participating in an RTO for the Duff-Coleman transmission project. The commission also approved the company’s request for recovery of prudently incurred costs if the project is abandoned for reasons beyond Republic’s control and use of a hypothetical 55% debt/45% equity capital structure until commercial operation (EL17-52).

FERC CAISO LS Power Duff-Coleman — Duff to Coleman planned route in yellow | *Republic Transmission*

FERC noted that its approval of the adder is subject to the overall 9.8% on ROE cap Republic promised in its project proposal.

MISO selected Republic’s $49.8 million proposal for the 30-mile, 345-kV line in Southern Indiana and Western Kentucky in December. (See LS Power Unit Wins MISO’s First Competitive Project.)

FERC backdated the rate approval to May 15. While FERC was without a quorum for six months, Republic begun developing the Duff-Coleman project under the assumption that it would receive all requested incentive rates.

“Republic’s investors entered into the selected developer agreement and agreed to rate concessions with an expectation that the project would qualify for, and receive, the limited incentive rates requested prior to the expenditure of significant funds,” FERC said. The commission also found that MISO’s 2015 Transmission Expansion Plan established that the project will deliver cost benefits by relieving congestion and improving reliability, a requirement of incentivized rates under Order 679, which established incentive-based rates for transmission development over a decade ago.

For the remainder of 2017 and most of 2018, Republic will work on project design, environmental permitting and securing rights of way. Construction is slated to begin the fourth quarter of 2018.

Republic said it expects to encounter “construction risks and challenges,” most notably acquiring federal permitting to cross the Ohio River.