Any financial institution in Washington that invests in fossil fuels would be charged an annual “climate resiliency and mitigation” fee under a bill introduced Monday in the state legislature.
The bill (SB 5967) by Sen. Reuven Carlyle (D) calls for any such financial institution with a presence in Washington and earning a net income of $1 billion to pay a surcharge on its business and occupation tax, the state’s tax on a firm’s gross income.
The legislation has been referred to the state Senate’s Ways and Means Committee.
Under the bill, a financial institution would pay a 0.5% surcharge to the state if more than 4% of its investments are in fossil fuel-related businesses. The surcharge would decline to 0.375% for investments ranging from 2.5 to 4% and 0.25% for investments less than 2.5%, according to the bill.
The bill calls for the Washington Department of Commerce to compile a report on each financial institution’s fossil fuel investment percentages by October 2022. That report would be updated annually, beginning in 2024.
“Notwithstanding … global, national, and state-level efforts to address climate change, the world’s largest commercial and investment banks have been largely omitted from these efforts and, to a certain extent, impeded these efforts in recent years through fossil fuel industry financing practices” the bill says. “In fact, banks play a disproportionate and comprehensive role in climate change by financing fossil fuel projects worldwide that are directly and scientifically shown to be the primary cause of climate change. Between 2016 and 2021, data shows that the 60 largest commercial and investment banks through their lending and underwriting practices invested a total of $3.8 trillion into fossil fuels.”
The bill defines financial institutions as any corporation owned by a federal bank holding company, a national bank, a savings association, a federal savings bank, a branch of a foreign depository or a corporation whose voting interests are more than 50% owned by a financial institution.
Washington’s government spent $1.4 billion on climate change measures in the 2019-2021 budget biennium, according to the bill.
Carlyle announced his intention to introduce this bill mid-December 2021, drawing his inspiration from attending the UN Climate Summit in Glasgow, Scotland last fall. (See Wash. Senator Seeks Fee on Fossil Fuel Financers.)
He contended the surcharge would raise $80 million to $100 million annually for climate resilience measures, such as creating public cooling centers, relocating infrastructure at risk from floods and sea level rise, and helping farmers and communities obtain critical water supplies during more frequent and severe droughts.
The West can reach 90% clean energy by 2040 with a combination of renewable resources and batteries, but the last 10% will require new types of flexible resources that can operate like natural gas plants to provide ramping, regulation and inertia on the grid, a study published Friday by WECC found.
“The results of the study indicate that clean energy above 90% will not be achieved economically and efficiently without including additional ECF [emerging clean and flexible] candidate resources,” WECC said in its 2040 Clean Energy Sensitivities Study. “These ECF resources will need to have performance characteristics similar to those of displaced gas-fired generation resources.”
The study did not give examples of the kind of resources that might replace gas plants.
“There are many promising clean energy technologies emerging that may provide the same performance characteristics as gas-fired generation resources,” it said. “No one can predict what new clean energy technologies may emerge by 2040 or what their performance characteristics will be other than to assert that they will be needed to achieve high levels of clean energy.”
The reason for the need, the study said, is that as renewable resources are added to the grid, it will eventually become saturated so that batteries are full, and “excessive” curtailment of wind and solar power takes place around the clock.
“At very high penetrations of variable-energy resources, the number of hours available to dispatch [battery storage systems] diminishes to a point at which curtailments occur at all hours of the day, especially on light load days,” it said. “With curtailments occurring at all hours of the day, there are plenty of hours for [batteries] to be charged, but no hours to be dispatched.”
“Under these conditions, very little charging of batteries took place after an initial charge, since the energy from an initial charge could not be dispatched, negating the need for future charging,” the study said. “As a result, the ability of [batteries] to minimize curtailments is negated.”
In the same scenario, “gas-fired generation is being dispatched at all hours of the day in response to congestion and ramping requirements.”
“This observation further illustrates the need for resource flexibility from gas-fired resources or some other non-charging resource type with similar performance characteristics as gas-fired generation resources,” it said.
A relatively small percentage of gas-like resources “will go a long way to mitigate challenges … [such as] variability, misalignment with load, ramping requirements, and congestion.”
The study was the first phase of a two-part project to examine clean energy scenarios through 2040. Phase 2, due later this year, will take a deeper dive into emerging technology and other matters, WECC Senior Staff Engineer Michael Bailey, the report’s primary author, said in a podcast last week.
WECC made it a priority to analyze potential reliability risks in the Western Interconnection following the events of summer 2020, when CAISO ordered rolling blackouts in a severe heatwave that also strained other areas of the Western grid.
FERC on Friday turned down NTE Energy’s last-ditch attempt to hang on to its capacity supply obligation for the Killingly Energy Center, which was terminated by ISO-NE in November (ER22-355-001).
The commission had accepted that ruling by the RTO earlier in January, agreeing that the development of the Connecticut plant is not on track to meet critical milestones by 2024 and fulfill its obligations under the CSO obtained in Forward Capacity Auction 13. (See FERC Accepts ISO-NE Request to Terminate Killingly CSO.)
NTE’s latest move had been to file a motion requesting that the order be stayed, asking for 120 days to show that it can complete the project in a timely manner and an expedited ruling so that it could still take part in next week’s FCA 16.
But FERC again sided with ISO-NE over the developer, writing in its order that NTE has not met the standard of proving that being removed from the capacity market would cause “irreparable harm.”
“NTE’s speculation on these matters falls far short of the substantiation needed to show irreparable harm absent a stay,” the commission wrote.
The New England Power Generators Association had joined ISO-NE in asking FERC to deny the stay, writing that allowing Killingly to take part in FCA 16 as a “phantom” resource unlikely to enter commercial operation would cause significant harm to other capacity resources participating in the auction.
SPP’s Board of Directors last week approved three tariff revision recommendations, two of which fell just short of stakeholder endorsement two weeks ago.
The two revisions requests, RR477 and RR483, were responses to previous tariff revisions that had been rejected at FERC. Both RRs also failed to gain the Market and Operations Policy Committee’s endorsement two weeks ago. (See SPP Board, Regulators to Take up Rejected RRs.)
RR477 would establish uniform local planning criteria within each transmission pricing zone. RR483 would address FERC-identified deficiencies in the grid operator’s byway facility cost-allocation process.
The Members Committee approved both measures in advisory votes for the board. RR477 passed 14-7, with an abstention, and was opposed by transmission owners and renewable energy interests. RR483 passed 12-7 with three abstentions, with TOs again in opposition.
ITC Great Plains’ Brett Leopold reiterated his company’s opposition to RR477, pointing to FERC orders addressing local TO planning in PJM. The orders found that TOs’ local planning processes must be open and transparent and allow transmission customers to participate and provide input, he said, while upholding the TOs’ right to conduct local planning according to their own established criteria.
RR477 would maintain the original construct of a transmission pricing zone’s facilitating TO (FTO) from its rejected application before FERC. However, it would introduce a formal process or ability to influence the FTO’s decision-making in establishing zonal planning criteria. It would also establish an avenue to ensure input from the zone’s other TOs, customers and stakeholders is considered and set up a two-step voting process.
“We think the solution before us is contrary to some … cases regarding local planning coming out of PJM,” Leopold said. “We’re put in a particular position where … we are not able to retain some autonomy regarding local planning, which we think we’re entitled to under the existing FERC precedent. We could be put in a position where we couldn’t do needed projects and wouldn’t be able to have those costs allocated unless we sponsored them and paid for them ourselves. I think [that is] is the box that we’re in.”
FERC rejected an earlier proposal in 2020, siding with stakeholders who argued the proposal would give a pricing zone’s FTO ”unilateral power” and “unduly” benefit them and the zone’s largest network load customer. (See FERC Rejects SPP’s Zonal Planning Criteria.)
SPP has developed another tariff revision (RR452) that would create a zonal upgrade study process proving a more expedient review of storm-damage recovery and age and condition projects that need a more urgent in-service date. The revision has been described as a backstop for local planning if a zone can’t establish its planning criteria, but Evergy said this is only true if local planning criteria is added to SPP’s planning criteria, which has yet to occur.
SPP COO Lanny Nickell said he didn’t know when RR452 would be ready for MOPC action and that “it could be something that provides some comfort for the backstop if the zonal planning criteria is not achievable.”
Members spent less time debating RR483, which promises a “surgical approach” to evaluate byway transmission projects in wind-rich zones. It would allow a byway-funded upgrade to be funded through a regionwide allocation after meeting certain criteria under the “narrow review process.” Projects eligible for this “narrow and limited process” would be required to have base plan upgrade costs eligible for cost allocation under the SPP tariff.
The revision request is a response to FERC’s rejection last June of a previous proposal. The commission found it would have given too much discretion to the board in allocating costs and did not include clear standards for making decisions. (See FERC Rejects SPP’s Cost-allocation Waiver Proposal.)
“A lot of good work went into [RR483], but the criteria that’s been established will create issues for large [transmission] zones that don’t necessarily have a lot of load. I think it will be nearly impossible for any job in our pricing zone because it’s so large,” Nebraska Public Power District CEO Tom Kent said. “It will be impossible for NPPD to take advantage [of the tariff revision] in our zone. We’re going to see our transmission costs continue to go up and continue to be impacted negatively without an ability to take advantage of this surgical exception.”
The board also approved RR476, which would accept storage resources as transmission assets. The measure defines the assets as “storage-as-transmission-only assets” and would require them to register as market storage resources in the Integrated Marketplace to account for their injections and withdrawals.
All three tariff revisions were among 21 recommendations from the Holistic Integrated Tariff Team in 2019, intended to integrate increased renewable energy, boost reliability and improve transmission planning. (See SPP Board Approves HITT’s Recommendations.)
Board Approves 2021 ITP, Holds NTCs
The directors followed MOPC’s lead two weeks ago in approving the 2021 Integrated Transmission Planning (ITP) study, while withdrawing notifications to construct (NTCs) for a 150-mile, 345-kV project in West Texas and a pair of transformer projects in New Mexico. (See SPP Markets and Operations Policy Committee Briefs: Jan. 10-11, 2022.)
According to the 10-year assessment, the Crossroads-to-Phantom project would provide a low-resistance, parallel path for delivery of low-cost energy to Southwestern Public Service’s SPS South load. The study found that the double-circuit project would provide twice the capacity of a single circuit, while “incrementally” increasing the engineering and construction costs from $330.2 million to $409.9 million, a 23.9% increase.
The project, easily the most expensive in the $1.04 billion portfolio, addresses one of two targeted areas in the 2021 ITP where SPP found voltage-stability issues because of isolated load and above-average load projections. Both targeted regions, the Permian Basin in West Texas and eastern New Mexico, and the Bakken Formation oil fields in North Dakota, are the result of oil and gas growth.
However, load-projection errors, related to how load was allocated to individual substations, were discovered late in the process. Working group stakeholders said the error was found in the 2022 ITP models, too late for staff to do a full impact analysis.
The working groups spent hours trying to resolve the issue in December before recommending the NTCs not be issued.
Public Service Company of Oklahoma President Peggy Simmons asked whether enough information was provided to MOPC before the decision was made.
“We think the results we came up with, based on the information we had at the time of the study, suggest that the project is the right solution to address the issues,” said Antoine Lucas, SPP’s engineering vice president. “We did receive information that those assumptions and some of the assumptions SPS believes are material to the project’s decision differ from what was studied. That information came along at time where we were too far along in the process where we were able to go back and re-evaluate. That created some uncertainty around the selection of Crossroads-Phantom.”
Lucas said staff have agreed to resume discussions with stakeholders “to update their assumptions and see whether a different and better solution can be found to resolve this.”
The NTC’s withdrawal gives staff further time to evaluate the Crossroads-Phantom project and bring it back to MOPC for its July meeting.
The ITP portfolio includes 28 projects and 380 miles of new 345-kV lines, including Crossroad-Phantom. The projects would solve 185 system needs with a 5.3 to 5.7 benefit-to-cost ratio.
Members Elect 2 New Directors
Ben Trowbridge’s (left) and John Cupparo’s elections to SPP’s Board of Directors adds cybersecurity, IT and utility experience. | SPP
The membership elected Ben Trowbridge and John Cupparo as directors during a special meeting of members, filling the board’s two vacancies. Their three-year terms will expire Dec. 31, 2024.
“Together, they bring a wealth of experience and valuable perspectives in matters related to transmission planning, cybersecurity, finance and other topics that are particularly relevant to our organization right now,” CEO Barbara Sugg said in welcoming the board’s newest members. “I’m 100% sure you’ll be very pleased with their ability to serve SPP as an independent director.”
She said Trowbridge fills the board’s need for cybersecurity and IT expertise. He was the global leader of Ernst and Young’s Cybersecurity as a Service practice, founded the technology advisory firm Alsbridge and has served in other similar positions.
“I’m committed to board service now,” Trowbridge told members. “This role means a lot to me. Thank you for allowing me to contribute and make SPP a little better for all the members and stakeholders.”
Sugg said SPP was also very specific in searching for candidates with utility experience “who could hit the ground running.” As former CEO of Berkshire Hathaway Energy’s U.S. Transmission subsidiary and having held leadership positions with PacifiCorp and Koch Industries, Cupparo checked that box.
“As the energy needs of the country become more complex, SPP will play a vital role in achieving its collective membership’s objectives,” Cupparo said. “My focus will be on leveraging my industry experience to contribute to SPP delivering its mission.”
Board Chair Larry Altenbaumer said Director Susan Certoma will be his vice chair. “She has immersed herself in to the nuts and bolts of everything that is SPP,” he said.
The D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals on Friday sided with FERC over Cogentrix Energy Power Management and Vistra (NYSE:VST) on a 2020 order that authorized compensation to New England generators and transmission operators for compliance with NERC reliability standards.
FERC’s order approved ISO-NE adding a Schedule 17 to its tariff, permitting owners of assets that are critical to the derivation of interconnection reliability operating limits (IROLs) to seek compensation for the costs of complying with NERC’s Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) standards (ER20-739). (See FERC OKs Payment Rules for IROL Facilities.) ISO-NE identified 27 generation units at 15 plant locations and one merchant transmission facility that were IROL-critical facilities.
Under the commission’s ruling, facility owners could seek cost recovery as of March 6, 2020; however, FERC ruled that utilities could only recover costs incurred on or after the effective date of their rate filings under Section 205 of the Federal Power Act. A group of utilities, including Cogentrix and Vistra, objected to this cutoff, saying they had already spent “several million dollars” on meeting the CIP requirements and should be allowed to collect all historic costs.
The commission rejected the utilities’ rehearing request, clarifying that while “IROL-critical facility owners may seek recovery of the undepreciated costs of … past capital expenditures to comply with the IROL-CIP requirements,” it cited its rules against retroactive ratemaking. It also said that the companies had not shown that their inability to recover historic CIP compliance costs in the ISO-NE markets would interfere “with their opportunity to earn a reasonable return in the future.” Following the rejection, Cogentrix and Vistra appealed to the D.C. Circuit.
Court Sides with FERC on All Counts
In its ruling, the court agreed with FERC that Schedule 17 “does not address whether costs incurred before the effective date of the critical facility’s [Section] 205 filing can be recovered.” Writing for the court, Senior Circuit Judge A. Raymond Randolph pointed out that Schedule 17 expressly limits recovery for a particular facility only to costs found in the Section 205 filing for that facility; while this does not forbid recovery of prior costs, it does not permit such recovery as the plaintiffs claimed.
Cogentrix and Vistra also argued that FPA Section 219 requires the commission to “allow recovery of … all prudently incurred costs” of complying with NERC standards, with no reference to the time those costs were sustained. FERC responded that Section 219 cost recovery must be consistent with Section 205, including its “prohibition against retroactive rate recovery.”
The utilities countered that the rule against retroactive ratemaking is not explicitly stated in Section 205, but the court shot this argument down as well, pointing out that the Supreme Court has “recognized repeatedly that the filed-rate doctrine and the rule against retroactive ratemaking play an important role in helping the commission fulfill its statutory responsibility.”
“The commission could not ensure that rates are just and reasonable if the rates are not on file with the commission for a period of time before the rates go into effect,” Randolph wrote. “FPA [Section] 219 … therefore incorporates the filed-rate doctrine and the rule against retroactive ratemaking.”
Cogentrix and Vistra’s final argument claimed that FERC could not apply its rule against retroactive ratemaking “because there was no rate on file for medium-impact [cyber asset] reliability costs prior to Schedule 17.” The court responded that cost recovery for prior CIP compliance investments amounted to changing their rates “for a service that has already been rendered” and therefore was a retroactive action.
While FERC typically uses “historical costs to set current rates,” the court said that the utilities were not seeking to estimate future costs based on historical ones. Instead, they were looking to use new rates to recover costs “going back to 2014.” This is forbidden by the FPA because it amounts to utilities charging more to make up for previous under-collection, it said.
“Cogentrix and Vistra received transmission rates under the ISO New England tariff during the relevant period,” the court said. “That the companies failed to recover mandatory reliability costs does not allow an exception to the rule against retroactive ratemaking.”
Texas Public Utility Commissioner Will McAdams restored the Lone Star State’s voice last week to SPP’s Regional State Committee, arguing against a revision request he said is unfair to his state.
McAdams, taking a break from the PUC’s effort to overhaul the ERCOT market following last February’s devastating winter storm, beat his fellow regulators to the microphone when it came time to get his comments into the record on the measure being considered.
Will McAdams, Texas PUC | SPP
“I’m sure this will elicit debate or conversations,” he said during the RSC’s Jan. 24 meeting. “Texas continues to oppose the revision request. … This policy will have the effect of shifting more costs to Texas ratepayers without any foreseeable benefit to those ratepayers in the future.”
At issue is a proposal (RR483) that promises a “surgical approach” to evaluate byway transmission projects in wind-rich zones. It would allow a byway-funded upgrade to be funded through a regionwide allocation after meeting certain criteria under the “narrow review process.” Projects eligible for this “narrow and limited process” must have base plan upgrade costs eligible for cost allocation under the SPP tariff.
The measure is intended to address FERC-identified deficiencies in the grid operator’s byway facility cost-allocation process. It came just short of endorsement from the Markets and Operations Policy Committee two weeks ago. (See SPP Board, Regulators to Take up Rejected RRs.)
McAdams said the Texas PUC believes the rule change’s proposed highway waiver process would allow certain highway projects to be re-evaluated “solely for cost allocation purposes.” Echoing other members during the MOPC discussion, he said SPP’s regional cost allocation review process offers a remedy for those who think the highway/byway methodology of costs and benefits is unfair.
“No other types of transmission project is afforded this kind of a second chance,” McAdams said.
Under SPP’s highway/byway mechanism, transmission costs are allocated on a voltage threshold basis. Highway facilities, or those above 300 kV, are allocated 100% on regional, postage-stamp basis. Byway facilities, those between 100 and 300 kV, are allocated on a regional basis (33%) and to the pricing zone (67%) in which the facilities are located. Facilities at or below 100 kV are fully allocated to the zone in which they are located.
McAdams pointed out that Texas has “rigid statutes” for its non-ERCOT utilities that are not a part of the deregulated market. He asked whether SPP could “paint a roadmap” to where Texas consumers could see a long-term benefit as the state’s bountiful renewable energy resources continue to grow.
“In the future, and I know that we’re probably going to lose on this … we want to work with the rest of the [RTO]. We want to collaborate,” McAdams said. “We would just like to see if we can get to a point where we can see a reasonable benefit in the future for Texas ratepayers, and then we’re happy to work on the details.”
Joining McAdams in opposing RR483 were regulators from Louisiana, New Mexico and Oklahoma. That was not enough to stop the measure from passing, 7-4. The Board of Directors also approved the revision during its Jan. 25 meeting.
“I think this process is creating an incredibly targeted, narrow waiver process,” Kansas Corporation Commissioner Andrew French said. “By design, it’s probably not going to apply to a lot of projects. It’s going to provide some potential material relief to a few of the most egregious examples where customers in renewable-rich zones or maybe being burdened by costs but not receiving benefits.
“But as far as cost that might be shifted regionwide? That would be pretty minimal,” he said. “As we continue to transition our energy mix to take advantage of some economic energy sources that are that are remote, we do need to make more proactive holistic reforms to cost allocation. We need to continue to look at this because that’s ultimately going to be one of the bigger challenges we face.”
Four days later during a PUC open meeting, McAdams told his fellow commissioners the proposal “socializes costs for certain generation facilities in their home regions for the interconnection of the facilities.”
Noting that SPP’s East Texas and West Texas footprints account for about 30% of its load, he said that if RR483 is “reflective of future policy adjustments at SPP, it bears watching.”
“I’ll be working … to share our concerns so that SPP’s Texas ratepayers are not unduly subsidizing projects that are unbeneficial projects where we see no benefit,” McAdams said.
The RSC also endorsed RR476, which accepts storage resources as transmission assets. The measure defines them as “storage-as-transmission-only assets” and requires them to register as market storage resources in the Integrated Marketplace to account for their injections and withdrawals.
Staff Can Return to Office March 1
SPP has announced an optional return-to-the-office program for staff, effective March 1,
“I’m not a betting person, but if I were, I’m betting we’ll be together in April,” CEO Barbara Sugg said, referencing the RTO’s quarterly governance meetings.
She urged stakeholders not to lose patience with continued restrictions, which have prevented her from meeting publicly in person with the board and key stakeholders. Sugg was named CEO in January 2020, shortly before the pandemic began. (See SPP Board Taps Barbara Sugg as New CEO.)
“So far, she has refused to meet with us in person,” board Chair Larry Altenbaumer joked. “We hope to change that in the not-so-near future.”
Given the lack of travel in 2021, the RSC came in more than 99% under budget last year, spending $3,634 of a planned $498,000. The committee’s annual audit, which cost $3,000, accounted for the bulk of the spending.
“A lack of expenditures does not mean a lack of work,” said Paul Suskie, the committee’s staff secretary.
Coal Edges Wind as No. 1 Fuel
Coal-fired generation slightly outpaced wind in SPP’s fuel mix last year, Bruce Rew, senior vice president of operations, said during the quarterly joint stakeholder meeting.
Coal generation accounted for 35.7% of the fuel mix last year, while wind made up 34.6%. Natural gas was 19.9% in the face of increased prices.
Rew said SPP began 2022 with 30.5 GW of available wind generation. It accounted for as much as 70.49% of the RTO’s generation Dec. 26, when it produced almost 21 GW of the 27.23 GW of total load.
The Integrated Marketplace now has 281 market participants, with 178 of them classified as financial-only and 103 as asset-owning, Rew said.
PJM stakeholders unanimously endorsed changes to the dead bus replacement logic for assigning prices to de-energized pricing nodes (pnodes) at last week’s Markets and Reliability Committee meeting.
PJM said the revisions are intended to provide increased transparency in the logic and how it performs replacements for de-energized buses. The RTO is required to produce LMPs for all pnodes in the RTO’s network model for all intervals, including those that are de-energized.
The new logic is based on Dijkstra’s algorithm, an industry standard, to find a suitable replacement for de-energized pnodes. The manual changes include updated language to reflect the new logic.
Shah highlighted a change to section 9.1.1: Intraday Offers Optionality that was not included in the first read at the December MRC, which clarifies language to state that a generation resource’s fuel-cost policy only needs to be updated when opting into intraday updates for the cost-based schedule.
“We already had an ongoing effort to update the language in Manual 11, and we thought it would be good to include these changes as part of that,” Shah said.
The new dead bus replacement logic and manual revisions will take effect March 1.
Fuel-cost Policy Standard Clarifications Endorsed
Members unanimously endorsed a joint PJM/Independent Market Monitor proposal regarding fuel-cost policy standards and penalty language.
Melissa Pilong, senior analyst in PJM’s performance compliance department, reviewed the proposal clarifying fuel-cost policy standards in Manual 15 and Schedule 2 penalty language of the Operating Agreement. The proposal was endorsed at the December Market Implementation Committee meeting. (See “Fuel-cost Policy Standards Proposal Endorsed,” PJM MIC Briefs: Dec. 1, 2021.)
The changes would require that generation unit market sellers verify that all intraday offer triggers are specified in the unit’s fuel-cost policy. The Manual 15 updates include changes to the intraday update triggers. Pilong said market sellers would need to have a one-time trigger to update the maximum allowable cost offer to opt into intraday offers. Another clarification to Manual 15 includes language that PJM or the Monitor can work with market sellers to extend their fuel-cost policies prior to their expiration.
OA updates include standards of review that must be systematic and verifiable. Fuel-cost policies would be required to provide a fuel price that can be calculated by the Monitor or PJM “after the fact with the same data available to the generation owner at the time the decision was made and documentation for that data from a public or a private source.”
The changes now go to the Members Committee for a vote this month and would take effect upon approval by the PJM Board of Managers and FERC.
Virtual CC Proposal Endorsed
Stakeholders unanimously endorsed a proposal from Vistra addressing regulation for virtual combined cycles.
Michael Olaleye, senior engineer with PJM’s real-time market operations, reviewed the proposal to revise Manual 12: Balancing Operations. The issue charge was originally endorsed at the May MIC meeting and worked on during committee meetings. (See “Virtual Combined Cycle Regulation Issue Charge Endorsed,” PJM MIC Briefs: May 13, 2021.)
Units that are modeled virtually by PJM can sometimes receive varying regulation awards from the market clearing engine, Olaleye said, which Vistra has experienced with some of its units, calling it “operationally challenging.” When a combined cycle unit is modeled as multiple virtual units, there is a possibility for unbalanced or unequal regulation awards to each unit by the engine.
Comparison of a 2×1 combined cycle unit with a pseudo-modeled 2×1 combined cycle unit when dispatched on a parameter-limited schedule | PJM
Vistra’s proposal calls for calculating the “hourly” score and extending it to each market resource with an assigned regulation for the given hour. It also called for PJM to calculate the “historic” performance score and extend it to each market resource in the performance group.
Olaleye said the changes would ensure that all resources of the performance group have the same historic performance score, which should fix the regulation clearing calculation problem in the software.
“The proposal is not changing the process of regulation clearing, pricing or settlement,” Olaleye said.
PJM plans on implementing the changes beginning March 1.
Stakeholders rejected a proposal at last week’s Members Committee meeting seeking to change the way challenges can be made to sector selections in PJM.
The proposal, brought forward by Exelon and Public Service Enterprise Group from the Stakeholder Process Forum, received 45 votes in favor for a sector-weighted vote of 2.2, failing to meet the 3.33 threshold.
Sharon Midgley, Exelon’s director of wholesale market development, reviewed the proposed OA revisions. Several stakeholders questioned the proposal at the December MC meeting. (See “Sector Selection Challenge Process,” PJM MRC/MC Briefs: Dec. 15, 2021.)
The issue of sector challenges has been a source of discussion at the Stakeholder Process Forum for the last 18 months. In 2020, Exelon and FirstEnergy requested that PJM more actively police stakeholder selections after the disclosure that an LS Power affiliate was improperly voting in the RTO’s senior committees. (See Exelon, FE Ask PJM to Tighten Sector Selection Process.)
Under current rules, Midgley said, “questionable” sector selections of an existing member may only be challenged one time per year, coming within 30 days of the Annual Meeting. Challenges to a new member’s sector selection must be made within 30 days of the member joining PJM.
In the last three years, Midgley said, PJM required changes to the sector selections of 14 members, determining that a sector modification was warranted for 88% of challenges.
“Our goal is to make sure going forward that we ensure the integrity of sector-weighted voting at PJM,” Midgley said.
The proposed solution called for revising section 8.1.3 of the OA to say that any member may request that PJM review the qualification of another member to participate in a sector “if the basis for such challenged member’s qualifications have not been subject to a sector challenge review in the prior 24 months, unless there is a good faith assertion of a material change in the challenged member’s active and significant business interests with PJM.”
The revised language also called for removing the 30-day requirement from the Annual Meeting. Midgley said the requirement can be “challenging” for stakeholders to do “proper investigative work” on a sector challenge.
Susan Bruce, counsel to the PJM Industrial Customer Coalition, said the ICC was “not in a position to support” the proposal. She noted that it takes “significant time” to go through the sector selection process. “I think there’s value in having the orderly progression of having it be done once per year,” she said.
Greg Poulos, executive director of the Consumer Advocates of the PJM States, said he could see the arguments in expanding the sector challenge process to any time, but he said he had “broader concerns” after talking to his members about the proposal. Poulos said he is concerned that there could be “cherry picking” in what PJM members are selected for a sector challenge.
“It’s too limited and too narrow in the approach,” Poulos said.
After the vote failed, Midgley said Exelon and PSEG were “disappointed by the outcome.” A lack of a framework to allow stakeholders to appeal a sector selection on a “timely basis” can result in “inaccurate sector-weighted voting outcomes,” she said.
Consent Agenda
Stakeholders endorsed two different items on the MC consent agenda. They included:
tariff and OA revisions addressing several aspects of market participation by solar-battery hybrid resources. The revisions were unanimously endorsed at the Dec. 15 MRC meeting. (See “Solar-battery Hybrid Resources Endorsed,” PJM MRC/MC Briefs: Dec. 15, 2021.)
tariff and OA revisions addressing synchronous reserve deployment. The proposal, which was developed from discussions in the Synchronized Reserve Deployment Task Force (SRDTF), is meant to improve the deployment of synchronized reserves during a spin event. (See “Synchronous Reserve Endorsed,” PJM MRC/MC Briefs: Dec. 15, 2021.) The proposal was endorsed with 18 objections.
CARMEL, Ind. — MISO is making slow progress on its plans to handle electric storage assets that aim to provide transmission services while also offering into the energy markets.
During a Market Subcommittee meeting Thursday, American Transmission Co.’s Bob McKee said his company intends to use the $8.1 million, 2.5-MW Waupaca Area Storage Project in Wisconsin for market and transmission purposes. The project was approved under MISO’s 2019 Transmission Expansion Plan as the RTO’s first — and currently only —transmission-only storage asset. It’s expected to be in service late this year.
“We want a clear path to know what we need to do to pursue this,” McKee said, referencing MISO’s allowing the project to furnish market services when it’s able. “We would urge MISO not to delay.”
MISO’s Michael Robinson said the grid operator might pursue one-off service agreements for its first dual-use energy storage projects instead of trying to finish lengthy tariff edits in time for interconnection.
“We think we have a defined path for where we’re going here,” Robinson said.
MISO has said for several years that it likely will require dual-use storage to first enter the generator interconnection queue before submitting energy offers, like any other generation asset seeking grid treatment. The Waupaca project has yet to apply to enter the queue.
Robinson said storage serving as transmission assets will be free to participate in any market, provided it can still address a transmission need.
But he said MISO and stakeholders still have work ahead regarding how the resources will collect both market compensation and transmission revenue requirements without being overcompensated. Robinson also said MISO must figure out whether storage assets should prioritize their market obligations or their transmission obligations during maximum generation emergencies.
Multiple stakeholders urged MISO not to rush tariff changes. Clean Grid Alliance’s Natalie McIntire asked for a “robust” stakeholder process that “fleshes out all details” before it drafts an overarching revision filing.
Market Interface Retirement Postponed
MISO has delayed retiring its aging market user interface (MUI) until Feb. 15 to accommodate members who haven’t yet switched to the new system.
“Everyone knows the end is near for the legacy MUI,” MISO’s Shawn McFarlane warned. “I think this is it; there won’t be any further pushback in terms of dates.”
Staff originally intended to retire the interface on Jan. 18, but some market participants have been slow to migrate their operations to the new system. The grid operator has been running both the old and new interfaces in parallel since early September.
Roughly 300 MISO customers use the nonpublic MUI to make energy offers and bids in the MISO markets. The upgrade is part of the RTO’s ongoing market platform replacement.
The grid operator is entering the fifth year of a multistage swap of its older, more rigid market platform for a newer modular one that can host more complex market offerings.
2 Conservative Ops Declarations in January
Frigid weather compelled MISO to declare conservative operations twice in late January.
The grid operator issued the alerts Jan. 20-21 for its South region and again on Wednesday for the northern part of its Midwestern footprint. Neither alert escalated into a maximum generation emergency or warning.
Under conservative operations, MISO requests members return generation and transmission facilities undergoing maintenance to service, if possible.
The RTO earlier declared conservative operations and a maximum generation emergency warning in the first week of January for its Central and North regions. Cold weather was again the culprit behind the close shave. (See Near-emergency Follows MISO’s Winter Warnings.)
MISO has been warning stakeholders since last fall that a generation emergency was a real possibility in January. While it experienced one close call, the month is nearly over and the system remains emergency-free.
MISO Independent Market Monitor David Patton said he has observed more coal-fired generation usage in the footprint with high natural gas prices. However, he said some facilities have been conserving coal to preserve their winter inventories, as railroad coal deliveries remain dogged by labor shortages.
Patton said that strategy will likely reduce coal capacity factors in winter. He added that he’s working with resource owners so that coal resources’ facility-specific reference levels “reflect the opportunity costs associated with maintaining winter coal inventory.”
The architect of the nation’s second cap-and-trade law said last week that he will leave the Washington Senate when his term expires next year.
On Jan. 24, Sen. Reuven Carlyle (D) announced that he won’t run for re-election later this year. “I have a deep sense of fulfillment. … It’s time for me to open a new chapter of my life. … I’m taking the luxury of going out on top,” he said Tuesday in an interview.
Carlyle is chairman of the Senate Environment, Energy and Technology Committee. Along with Rep. Joe Fitzgibbon (D), chairman of the House’s Environment and Energy Committee, he is one of the state’s top two legislators on climate change issues.
Carlyle represents an upscale, north-central Seattle district in the state legislature.
In the interview, Carlyle said he has achieved most of what he wanted in a legislative career dating back to 2009 and is ready to tackle something else.
Carlyle pointed to the 2021 passage of Washington’s Climate Commitment Act, which implements a cap-and-trade program in the state, as a crowning achievement of his legislative career. (See Wash. Becomes 2nd State to Adopt Cap-and-trade.)
Washington has the nation’s second cap-and trade program behind California. It took several years for Carlyle to get this legislation passed after first facing a hostile Republican-controlled Senate and then opposition from moderate Democrats in swing districts when his party took over the Senate in 2018.
“We won the Super Bowl of climate activities. … I’ve given it everything I have,” he said.
The 2021 law requires the Washington Department of Ecology to create system by 2023 to set the state’s total industrial carbon emissions annually, a cap that slowly decreases through the years. Large polluters would submit bids in the state quarterly auction for allowances enabling them to emit greenhouse gases within a year’s overall limit. Companies would be allowed to trade, buy and sell the allowances.
Under the law, an environmental justice panel will be appointed to ensure that low-income neighborhoods and communities of color would not be disproportionally burdened with excess pollution. The state anticipates the auctions would raise $500 million annually that the state can allocate to those areas.
The program would cover facilities that emit 25,000 metric tons or more of GHGs annually. There are at least 100 such facilities in the state, including the oil, cement, steel and power industries and large food processing plants.
Carbon emissions have been blamed for negative health impacts; increased wildfires; changing snowpack melt patterns in the Cascade Range, which translates to streams not feeding irrigated farms at the proper times; and creating acid rain that destroys the shells of baby oysters in the state’s shellfish industry. A 2018 University of Washington study said the state’s poor face additional health dangers from climate change.
In 2018, Washington’s carbon emissions totaled 99.57 million tons. An earlier law set emission goals of 50 million tons by 2030, 27 million tons by 2040 and 5 million tons by 2050.
Carlyle also spearheaded passage of a 2019 law that will eliminate coal-fired electricity in Washington by 2025, require all retail electricity in the state to be carbon neutral by 2030 and require 100% of its retail electricity to come from sources other than those that emit greenhouse gases by 2045.
Along with setting new low-carbon fuel standards and advancing other climate bills in 2021, “we have passed the strongest suite of climate change legislation in United States history at the state level,” Carlyle said.
No Lobbyist
Climate change was not high on Carlyle’s priorities when he joined Washington’s House of Representatives in 2009, where he eventually became chairman of the Finance Committee, which handles tax and revenue issues. Carlyle credited his conversion to his three daughters and one son — currently ages 15 through 24 — as influencing him to consider climate change as the major focus of his legislative career.
He moved to the Senate in 2018, the same year that Democrats assumed control of that chamber.
Other Carlyle accomplishments include improvements in foster care, making the value of a corporate tax break public information and easing the transfers of students from two-year to four-year colleges. He is proud to be one of seven senators to vote against exempting the legislature from Washington’s public records law. Gov. Jay Inslee vetoed that legislation.
Carlyle’s biggest unfulfilled wishes are eliminating the death penalty and bolstering the state’ data privacy laws — efforts that have passed the Senate but have stalled in the House. He has also unsuccessfully tried to pass a bill for years to require a one-year cooling off period between when a legislator or state official leaves office and becomes a lobbyist.
His day job is being a high-tech entrepreneur and business consultant in the wireless, software and clean energy industries. He plans to keep active in local, state and federal civic affairs, but he does not know what he will tackle next. “I have no formal plans,” Carlyle said.
A working group of the Maine Offshore Wind Roadmap is considering making a recommendation to extend the current OSW development prohibition for state territorial waters into federal waters.
“There is strong interest in the [Fisheries Working Group] in advocating for the state to take a position on moving OSW construction further offshore … to minimize OSW development and fisheries conflict,” said Meredith Mendelson, deputy commissioner of the Department of Marine Resources and co-chair of the working group.
The group is still discussing the potential recommendation, and it has not settled on a proposed distance for the prohibition, Mendelson said during a roadmap advisory committee meeting Friday.
“We’ve had multiple discussions around this, and I expect we will continue to for some time, but we wanted to bring it forward to the advisory committee because we think this is an important issue,” she said.
A document released by the working group Jan. 18, however, included a suggested distance of 75 nautical miles for the prohibition. At that distance, the prohibition would easily exceed the distance from shore of all active U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management lease areas on the East Coast.
Vineyard Wind I, for example, is sited 30 nautical miles from the Massachusetts coast, and the lease areas recently announced by BOEM for the New York Bight range between 20 and 69 nautical miles from the New York coast.
Gov. Janet Mills signed a law last summer that prohibits new OSW development in state waters, which extend 3 nautical miles from the coast. Mills had originally proposed a 10-year moratorium on OSW in state waters, but she eventually agreed to a permanent ban to protect commercial lobster harvesting.
The Maine Governor’s Energy Office filed an application in October to lease a site in federal waters in the Gulf of Maine for a floating offshore wind research array. The preferred site, according to the application, is 25 nautical miles from the nearest point on the mainland.
Considerable engagement with members of the fishing industry went into selecting the proposed array site, according to the application. Selection of a site “no less than 17 nautical miles offshore” reduces “potential impacts on inshore fisheries,” the application said.
A possible recommendation by the working group to extend the state-waters ban to federal waters would be part of a wider package of recommendations that the advisory committee will consider related to OSW development and the state’s fishing industry.
The group shared 11 initial recommendations with the committee Friday, including encouraging the state and BOEM to engage the fishing industry directly in the development of wind areas in the Gulf of Maine. In addition, the group wants to see the state initiate a port assessment as wind areas are identified to determine the implications for local port economies.
Three other working groups delivered their initial recommendations to the committee in December, and all the groups will refine their recommendations with a goal of releasing an official set of draft recommendations in July. The final roadmap is due at the end of the year.
