Page 1209 – RTO Insider

December 23, 2019

FERC Denies Rehearing of SPP Exit Fee Decision

By Tom Kleckner

FERC last week rejected a request by SPP and its load-serving entities to rehear its April order that eliminated the RTO’s membership exit fee for non-transmission owners (EL19-11).

The commission also rejected SPP’s alternative proposal to lower the fee to $100,000. Rejecting the proposal without prejudice, FERC ordered the grid operator to submit another proposal “that adequately explains” why the exit fee for non-TOs is just and reasonable and “not a barrier to membership … and not excessive as a means of ensuring stability in membership and members’ financial commitment.” (See SPP Proposes to Drop Exit Fee to $100K.)

“Any future exit fee proposal should ensure that [non-TOs] pay a smaller exit fee than transmission owners, regardless of whether the [non-TO] is also [an LSE], and that non-transmission-owning load-serving entities pay an exit fee similar to that paid by other [non-TOs],” the commission wrote.

In affirming its previous decision, FERC denied contentions by the RTO and its LSEs that it erred in finding that the exit fee is so high that it presents a barrier to membership to non-TOs and results in cost shifts among SPP’s members. (See FERC Tells SPP to End Exit Fee for Non-TOs.)

SPP Exit Fee — Western U.S. transmission lines | *Southwire*

The commission said exempting non-TOs from the exit fee does not unfairly shift costs to remaining SPP members because non-TOs “have less of an impact on the system when they exit than transmission owners do and SPP can still recover these costs through administrative fees.”

The commission determined in April that the exit fee “was not needed to maintain SPP’s financial solvency or to avoid cost shifts and was excessive as a means for ensuring the stability of SPP’s membership and members’ financial commitment.” FERC did agree “some level of exit fee” is necessary for non-TOs.

The proceeding stems from a complaint last year by the American Wind Energy Association and the Advanced Power Alliance, which have long argued against the exit fee. The fee is defined as the sum of the withdrawing member’s obligations at the time of withdrawal, including any unpaid dues or assessments, and the member’s share of SPP’s outstanding long-term financial obligations. SPP estimates the fee for an entity without load is $631,915 — nearly twice the estimated $327,191 fee when FERC approved it in 2006.

The decision was a welcome bit of good news for AWEA and APA. Amy Farrell, AWEA’s senior vice president of government and public affairs, said the order partially offset FERC’s ruling favoring existing generation in the FERC Extends PJM MOPR to State Subsidies.)

“The only glimmer of light … was FERC’s reaffirmation requiring [SPP] to eliminate the membership exit fee, allowing for a more inclusive stakeholder process that will lead to better outcomes for consumers,” Farrell said in a statement.

December 23, 2019

FERC Rejects Rehearing in PJM Cost Allocation Saga

By Michael Brooks

FERC on Thursday denied requests for rehearing and clarification of its acceptance of a settlement between PJM and its transmission owners over the cost allocation of major legacy transmission projects, the latest development in a nearly 13-year dispute that has reached the 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals (EL05-121, ER18-2102).

In May 2018, the commission approved an agreement over how PJM would allocate the costs of transmission projects above 500 kV approved between April 19, 2007 — when FERC found the RTO’s existing violation-based distribution factor (DFAX) method unjust and directed a new load-ratio share method — and Feb. 1, 2013, when FERC approved PJM’s new hybrid method, combining both the DFAX and load-ratio methods. (See “Response to FERC’s Cost Allocation Order,” PJM Market Implementation Committee Briefs: Ju ne 6 , 2018.)

The commission approved the settlement under the second so-called “Trailblazer approach,” referring to the precedent set by a 1999 case involving Trailblazer Pipeline Co. Under the second Trailblazer approach, FERC may “approve a contested settlement as a package on the grounds that the overall result of the settlement is just and reasonable. The commission does not need to render a merits decision on whether each element of a settlement package is just and reasonable, so long as the overall package falls within a broad ambit of various rates which may be just and reasonable.”

Linden VFT challenged FERC’s approval under the approach, arguing that the commission needed “a detailed and independent cost-benefit analysis.”

“The commission largely bases its findings on the contested settlement’s general adoption of the cost allocation methodology currently contained in the PJM Tariff,” Linden said in its request for rehearing. “The settling parties did not present, and the commission did not base its decision on, any detailed or quantitative analysis comparing costs and benefits of any of the projects.”

The merchant transmission developer also said the commission’s order contained “oversimplified and fallacious data analyses” and “determinations contrary to circuit court and FERC precedent.”

“Any one of these flaws alone would constitute reversible error and would make the order unable to withstand an appeal,” Linden warned. “That would mean that this proceeding, which officially began over 13 years ago, would continue following yet another remand without the certainty of cost allocation that the settling parties and the commission have expressed the desire to obtain.”

Neptune Regional Transmission System and the Long Island Power Authority also alleged factual inaccuracies in their own requests for rehearing. Linden, along with Hudson Transmission Partners and the New York Power Authority, also requested clarification that they would not be subject to any of the current recovery charges or transmission enhancement charge adjustments provided for by the settlement.

The 7th Circuit twice remanded FERC’s approval of the load-ratio share method before PJM abandoned it in favor of the hybrid method. The Illinois Commerce Commission, which had filed the original complaint with the 7th Circuit on behalf of Commonwealth Edison, was among the parties to the settlement. (See Despite Lengthy Negotiations, PJM Cost Allocation Settlement Still Finds Detractors.)

“We continue to find that the commission’s reliance on the Order No. 1000 hybrid cost allocation method is consistent with the court’s decision, and that the settlement’s application of the Order No. 1000 hybrid cost allocation method achieves an overall just and reasonable result,” FERC said in denying rehearing. “While the court did discuss using a cost-benefit analysis, it did not require exact quantification of costs and benefits but rather required that the benefits be ‘roughly commensurate’ with costs.”

Regarding the requests for clarification, FERC noted that Linden, Hudson and NYPA based their argument that they should not be subject to any charges under the settlement on the fact that the commission did not approve it until May 31, 2018, when they had already converted their firm transmission withdrawal rights to non-firm transmission withdrawal rights effective Jan. 1, 2018. “In fact, Hudson and Linden sought to convert their firm transmission withdrawal rights to non-firm transmission withdrawal rights because they were subject to transmission enhancement charges,” it said.

“Cost responsibility under this provision does not depend on the date on which the commission approves the settlement or the date on which the transmission owners begin collection of these charges,” FERC said. “Because clarification parties held firm transmission withdrawal rights from the period from Jan. 1, 2016, to Jan. 1, 2018, we find that they are responsible for paying for the current recovery charges for that period.”

December 23, 2019

FERC Partially Accepts NYISO Storage Compliance

By Michael Kuser

FERC last week partially accepted NYISO’s plan to comply with a mandate that RTOs and ISOs develop rules to provide energy storage resources (ESRs) full access to their wholesale markets.

Order 841, issued last year, requires that grid operators recognize the unique physical and operational characteristics of ESRs in designing market participation rules.

NYISO proposed a model that allows ESRs to either blend into a higher aggregation with other storage resources and demand response, or to come together as one, virtual, larger resource. (See Overheard at GTM’s Energy Storage Summit 2019.)

The commission on Thursday found that “NYISO has demonstrated that all [ESRs], including those located on the distribution system or behind the meter, will be eligible to provide all capacity, energy and ancillary services that they are technically capable of providing” (ER19-467).

However, the order also faulted NYISO’s filing for a lack of details on its “metering methodology and accounting practices for [ESRs] located behind a customer meter,” directing the ISO to alter its Tariff to include a basic description of such.

FERC noted its earlier determination that defers further action on the Order 841 compliance directive to allow participation in wholesale and retail markets until the commission takes action on the merits of NYISO’s November responses about ESR energy bids in the day-ahead markets, and its definition of “an obligation outside the ISO-administered markets” (ER19-2276).

The commission did, however, agree with the Energy Storage Association that it is not reasonable to allow NYISO to adopt an open-ended effective date of no earlier than May 1, 2020, saying the proposal “inappropriately creates uncertainty for existing and prospective market participants,” and ordered an effective date of no later than that date.

Separate Concurrence

In a separate concurrence, Commissioner Bernard McNamee reiterated a point he’s made in other storage-related orders, saying FERC “should have, at the very least, provided states the opportunity to opt-out of the participation model created by the storage orders.”

McNamee, not a member of the commission at the time Order 841 was issued, said he concurred in part and dissented in part with Order 841-A, which — among other things — affirmed that states cannot prevent ESRs from participating in wholesale markets.

“To the extent the commission’s storage orders exercised authority over the distribution system and behind-the-meter … the majority has exceeded the commission’s jurisdictional authority by depriving the states of the ability to determine whether distribution-level ESRs may use distribution facilities so as to access the wholesale markets,” he said.

December 23, 2019

NYISO ESCO Ruling Was Right, FERC Says

By Hudson Sangree

FERC said Thursday it won’t reconsider NYISO’s decision to deny membership to the successor to a bankrupt energy service company (ESCO) (EL19-39-001).

Light Power & Gas of NY (LPGNY) had sought rehearing of FERC’s June order upholding NYISO’s decision to exclude it from joining until its bankrupt predecessor, North Energy Power, paid its outstanding debts to the ISO. (See FERC Upholds NYISO Treatment of ESCO as Successor.)

NYISO expelled North Energy in October after the company filed for bankruptcy and its unpaid obligations exceeded its collateral.

A screenshot of the bankrupt North Energy Power’s website | *North Energy Power*

LPGNY filed its application to join NYISO one week after North Energy’s membership was terminated. The two companies had the same principal personnel and had served or sought to serve the same customers in the same service territory, FERC noted.

In a conversation with a NYISO manager, one of the principals had “expressed a desire to get his customers back,” FERC said.

LPGNY argued NYISO had found incorrectly that it was North Energy’s successor and liable for its debts.

FERC disagreed. The commission looked to its own precedents after finding NYISO’s transmission tariff was “silent with respect to the question of whether two different limited liability companies with close ties can be treated as the same transmission customer,” it said.

“The commission found that the close overlap of LPGNY and North Energy presented circumstances in which NYISO’s treatment of LPGNY and North Energy as one transmission customer was reasonable,” FERC wrote.

In its rehearing request, LPGNY argued that the “starting point for tariff interpretation is determining whether the relevant tariff language is ambiguous, and that the commission never made a finding of ambiguity,” FERC said. “LPGNY contends that under [two prior FERC decisions] … the commission must declare tariff language ambiguous prior to relying on extrinsic evidence.”

FERC decided, however, that the silence of the NYISO tariff on whether closely related companies can be treated as the same transmission customer “is adequate to permit the commission to rely, as it did in the complaint order, on commission precedent and extrinsic evidence, in discerning the meaning” of the relevant section of NYISO tariff.

December 23, 2019

FERC Lets Original PJM Stability Method Stand

By Michael Brooks

FERC on Thursday backtracked on several Tariff provisions it directed PJM to include in its implementation of a new cost allocation method for transmission projects that address stability issues (EL15-95-005, ER19-1501).

The commission granted rehearing of its Feb. 28 order accepting PJM’s stability deviation method for the limited purpose of removing the provisions from the compliance filing the RTO submitted in April. It directed PJM to refile its Tariff revisions without the provisions, leaving the new method as originally proposed.

The stability deviation method identifies the loads that would be most impacted by a stability disturbance — and thus benefit most from transmission projects that address stability-related issues — by measuring the voltage angular deviations during a simulated worst-case fault. Load buses with a deviation of less than 25% of the highest deviation would be excluded from the cost allocation. (See FERC: Stability Deviation Method Best for Artificial Island.)

from the plants led to the creation of the stability deviation method. | *BHI Energy*

In its original proposal, however, PJM identified a possible flaw in this plan: Once in service, the new transmission facility could address all stability issues, making it impossible to measure any angular deviations in a simulation. Several transmission owners also noted that the 25% threshold meant that under certain conditions, some deviations would be excluded from the cost allocation.

FERC directed PJM to include language to take the new facility out of the analysis if it resulted in deviations too small to measure when running the simulation. It also directed language that would allow PJM to adjust the 25% threshold as necessary.

In its April compliance filing, however, PJM said it had done further analysis and determined “that removing the stability upgrade would cause the model to go unstable and, therefore, fail to provide any meaningful information upon which to base the cost allocation.” Meanwhile, TOs American Electric Power, Dominion Energy, Duke Energy, FirstEnergy and PPL complained that the discretionary threshold provision would allow the RTO “to unilaterally determine the rate design under the PJM Tariff to recover the costs of a stability project based solely on PJM’s own discretion and with no approval or participation by” TOs.

To address both concerns, PJM asked FERC to delete the two provisions for now and give it some time to develop more Tariff revisions. FERC agreed.

“Accounting for these changed perspectives, we grant rehearing and remove both the deviation measurement provision and the discretionary threshold provision,” the commission said. It gave the RTO 30 days to refile its original proposal.

December 23, 2019

FERC Seeks More Testing on Spectrum Protections

FERC last week urged the Federal Communications Commission to conduct additional testing to ensure automated frequency coordination (AFC) will protect utilities’ use of the 6 GHz spectrum band, which the FCC is considering opening to unlicensed users.

In a letter to FCC Chair Ajit Pai, the commission noted the concerns of electric utilities, which use the spectrum (5,925 to 7,125 MHz) for point-to-point microwave links providing communications with substations, fault sensors, two-way meters and service crews. It is also used to provide situational awareness in rural areas where wireline networks are not available.

The issue was the subject of a panel during FERC’s annual technical conference on reliability in June. (See Utilities Warn of Encroachment on Communications Band.)

FERC Spectrum Protections — Microwave relay dish

In proposing the use of the spectrum by unlicensed users, FCC cited estimates that North American mobile traffic, including unlicensed Wi-Fi devices, grew 44% in 2016 and is projected to grow nearly 35% annually through 2021. AFC would use a “database lookup scheme” to ensure that unlicensed users are not encroaching on an existing user’s priority access to the frequency in a specific area.

“We ask that you consider the implications for electric reliability and closely review the rulemaking comments that discuss the potential impacts of the proposal on electric reliability,” the commissioners wrote. “Should the proposed rule be adopted, we strongly urge you to consider requests from electric utilities and state regulators for additional testing of the AFC system prior to implementation. We understand the complexity of assessing the cross-dependencies between areas of critical infrastructure and would be pleased to offer technical assistance through FERC staff if it would be helpful.”

— Rich Heidorn Jr.

December 23, 2019

Glick Warns ‘Die is Cast’ with Duke Accounting Change

By Holden Mann

FERC Commissioner Richard Glick warned that the commission’s recent order regarding Duke Energy’s accounting treatment of its cybersecurity program sends a signal that it will let utilities sidestep its rules when convenient.

The order issued Thursday allows Duke to treat its Cybersecurity Informational Technology-Operational Technology Program as a single project for the purposes of calculating FERC’s allowance for funds used during construction (AFUDC) (AC19-75).

FERC permits utilities to record debt- and equity-related financing costs for projects under development as AFUDC, which is combined with actual construction costs in order to establish rates once the project is completed and contributing to utility service and revenue.

Thursday’s change is significant because several components of Duke’s cybersecurity program, such as automated asset identification, are already completed and ready to enter service. Under normal rules, this would mean the entire program must be removed from AFUDC; however, Duke contended that this would be unfair, as these constituent assets cannot make any contribution to revenue by themselves without the rest of the program. Customers would hence be paying for programs that were not creating value for them.

Duke Energy Accounting — The control room at Duke Energy’s Buck combined cycle plant in Rowan County, N.C. | *Duke Energy*

FERC sided with Duke, saying that the commission’s current policy allowed it to recognize that individual parts of a project can enter service without the entire program becoming viable. But Glick argued at FERC’s open meeting last week that the move would encourage other utilities to classify projects as under development when they are in fact ready for service, in hopes of accruing more AFUDC and inflating their investments in order to justify higher rates for consumers.

“If we’re going to change our policy, that’s one thing,” Glick said. “But if we’re going to say that we’re keeping our AFUDC policy, but on the other hand we’re going to ignore what’s in our AFUDC policy — which is very clear … that if some of the components are ready to be placed in service, you take it out of AFUDC right then — I’m really concerned about the precedent we’re setting here.”

Glick’s dissent echoed an objection filed by the North Carolina Electric Membership Corp. (NCEMC) in response to Duke’s request in March. NCEMC pointed out that while a constituent project might not be able to fulfill its intended purpose without the rest of the program in place, it might still provide a benefit to consumers. The company said Duke had not “provided sufficient information to identify whether any of the component parts of the cybersecurity program” would be able to provide such a benefit, and essentially wanted FERC to rely on its word.

FERC acknowledged that its “determination is based on Duke’s representations regarding its cybersecurity program” and pledged that it would review the project to ensure it remained compliant with AFUDC policy — a promise that Glick found unconvincing.

“To me that’s a little circular logic, because in this particular order, we’re saying it is consistent with our AFUDC policy,” Glick said. “So I’m not really sure we can go back and address this particular issue — I think the die is cast, essentially, once we vote out this order.”

Another dissenting voice came from the consumer advocacy group Public Citizen, which observed that NERC assessed a $10 million fine earlier this year on an unnamed utility, widely reported to be Duke, for 127 violations of cybersecurity standards. (See NERC Seeks $10M Fine for Duke Energy Security Lapses.) The group objected to the idea of ratepayers supporting a cybersecurity program that NERC considers likely to suffer further instances of noncompliance in the future.

Public Citizen also questioned whether the proposed accounting change was intended to help Duke recover the cost of the NERC fine and of addressing the security lapses. In response, Duke said the request was not meant for this purpose and that “the cost of the cybersecurity program, including any approved AFUDC, will be recovered through those formula rates, which have been previously approved by the commission.”

December 22, 2019

MISO Almost There on Order 845

By Amanda Durish Cook

MISO still has a handful of details to address before fully complying with FERC Order 845, the commission ruled last week.

FERC on Thursday directed the RTO to submit another compliance filing within 60 days to clear up its study process related to technological advancements, partial service requests and contingent facilities (ER19-1823-001, ER19-1960).

The commission issued Orders 845 and 845-A in 2018 and 2019, respectively, to increase the transparency and speed of generator interconnection processes. (See FERC Order Seeks to Reduce Time, Uncertainty on Interconnections.)

The commission found that MISO only partially complied with its directive that a customer be able to request interconnection service below its full generating facility capacity. It said the RTO omitted mandatory Tariff language showing that while interconnection service will be studied at the requested level, a project could be “subject to other studies at the full generating facility capacity to ensure safety and reliability of the system, with the study costs borne by the interconnection customer.”

FERC also directed MISO to explain why it gave itself 60 days to decide whether to conduct additional studies when an interconnection customer seeks to include technological advancements in its project prior to an interconnection facilities study agreement. The commission had previously prescribed 30 days to settle on any new studies and told MISO to either justify the two months or halve the timeline.

“While we understand that MISO has a large number of projects in its queue and a wide variation in studies that may be needed, we find that MISO has not justified its proposal to allow it 60 days from the date of receipt of additional information from an interconnection customer or merchant HVDC connection customer to conduct further studies,” the commission said.

Finally, MISO must include a fuller description of how it determines which projects in its annual Transmission Expansion Plan are “contingent facilities.” FERC Order 845 defines those facilities as a generation project’s unbuilt interconnection facilities and network upgrades that, if delayed or canceled, “could cause a need for restudies of the interconnection request or a reassessment of the interconnection facilities and/or network upgrades and/or costs and timing.”

Surplus Interconnection Proposal Just Fine

FERC found that MISO easily complied with a directive that RTOs establish an expedited queue process allowing interconnection customers to use or transfer surplus interconnection service at existing facilities.

MISO submitted a partial compliance filing in May to address the surplus interconnection directive. It proposed to rename its existing net zero interconnection option to “surplus interconnection service” and include interconnection and steady state analyses, while removing an existing competitive solicitation process for surplus interconnection service and clarifying that the original interconnection customer or affiliates have priority rights to any surplus service. (See Little Work Needed to Comply with Order 845, MISO Says.)

December 22, 2019

ISO-NE Issues First Competitive Tx RFP

By Michael Kuser

ISO-NE on Friday announced its first competitive transmission solicitation to address reliability concerns associated with the upcoming retirement of the Mystic Generating Station in Everett, Mass.

The request for proposals seeks to address transmission facility overloads under peak load conditions in the Boston area, as well as system restoration concerns with the underground cable system in the area.

The RTO will review all the proposals in a two-step process before selecting the preferred solution. The deadline for phase 1 proposal submissions is 11 p.m. on March 4, 2020.

ISO-NE and its Planning Advisory Committee will review the proposals to ensure they address the identified needs and are feasible and cost competitive. The RTO will then identify finalists, who will be required to provide additional details to guide its selection of the preferred solution.

ISO-NE competitive transmission RFP — Greater Boston area electrical distribution map | *ISO-NE*

FERC OKs ISO-NE RFP Rules.)

Exelon announced last year that it would retire Mystic in 2022, but FERC approved a cost-of-service agreement between the company and ISO-NE to keep Units 8 and 9 operating through May 2024.

Under the competitive process, any qualified transmission project sponsor (QTPS) may submit a phase 1 proposal, while NSTAR Electric and New England Power are required to submit a joint backstop transmission solution for consideration in response to the RFP.

According to the ISO-NE 2019 Regional System Plan (RSP) posted on Oct. 31, “the peak load needs were found to be non-time-sensitive because the needs were present in the study horizon cases of 2028 but were not observed in the time-sensitive cases of 2022.”

In addition, the system restoration need for reactive support is considered a non-time-sensitive need because the retirement date of Mystic 8 and 9 is beyond the three-year time-sensitive period, the RSP said.

The competitive solution process is detailed in Attachment K, Section 4.3 of the Tariff.

The pro forma agreement between the RTO and the selected QTPS spells out the development, design and construction of the project, including project milestones, status reports and cost-containment measures.

The RTO modeled its agreement on the designated entity agreement that PJM uses in its competitive transmission solicitation process.

December 22, 2019

NYISO Management Committee Briefs: Dec. 18, 2019

NYISO’s Management Committee on Wednesday recommended that the Board of Directors approve creating a short-term reliability process (STRP) to evaluate and address reliability impacts.

Keith Burrell, the ISO’s manager of transmission studies, presented the proposal and said the STRP may result from both generator deactivation and transmission facility reliability needs identified in a quarterly short-term assessment of reliability (STAR) study.

The new setup would enable NYISO to respond to changes on the system in a timely fashion while providing a better structure than the ad hoc generator deactivation process to address observed needs, and improve workload management for the ISO and responsible transmission owners, according to Burrell.

Revisions would be applied to Tariff sections 23.4.5.6 and 30.4, which were posted on the ISO’s website on Dec. 17 at the request of the Independent Power Producers of New York.

Related Tariff changes would expand the generator deactivation rules to apply to non-market participants that possess the authority to decide whether or when to deactivate a generator. To address non-market participants, the revisions include changes to the generator registration documents and the creation of a new responsible generator party certification.

The proposed revisions include a de minimis threshold of 1 MW to excuse generators with a lower nameplate rating from the obligation to comply with the generator deactivation rules in the STRP before they are permitted to deactivate.

The ISO anticipates February 2020 board approval and would file revisions with FERC requesting a May 1, 2020, effective date. With FERC acceptance, the first STAR would commence July 15, 2020.

The 2020 Reliability Needs Assessment would incorporate the effects of the Tariff changes.

NYISO Strategic Plan 2020-2024

Executive Vice President Emilie Nelson presented NYISO’s Strategic Plan for 2020-2024, saying that stakeholders want the ISO to continue to be an authoritative source of information for policymakers.

“We heard that we need to focus on our planning processes and that the class year work needs to be streamlined,” Nelson said. “Passage of the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act further emphasized the need to continue to think through strategic priorities for the next five, 10 and even 20 years.”

The new law (A8429) requires 70% of the state’s electricity to come from renewable sources by 2030 and for power generators to be zero-emitting by 2040. It also raises the installed solar target to 6 GW by 2025 and calls for the state to procure 9 GW of offshore wind by 2035.

CEO Rich Dewey said the board concluded that “we’re working on all the right stuff but wanted us to think about the pace of change.”

“Given CLCPA, there’s going to be tremendous pressure on the schedule, and we need to move more deliberately and quicker than we have in the past,” Dewey said. “If you look at how much renewable and distributed energy resources are going to need to come online to achieve the goals, the pace of change will be faster than anything we’ve ever seen.”

EMS Update, New Reliability Metrics

Dewey said NYISO is working to deploy by Feb. 1 a new energy management system and business management system, both delayed in October because of problems related to stability and synchronization of data. (See “New System Software by March,” NYISO Management Committee Briefs: Nov. 20, 2019.)

“We moved into our parallel test window today and are running two systems side by side,” Dewey said. “We want to be ready for deployment as early as possible in 2020, as early as Feb. 1, if the weather permits.”

COO Rick Gonzales highlighted the use of new graphs in the monthly operations report to reflect enhanced reliability metrics, with the ISO now measuring daily and monthly net load forecast performance against 30-minute and hour-ahead forecast error.

— Michael Kuser