Federal Briefs

The Department of the Interior on Friday released its long-awaited rules for oil and gas development on federal and tribal lands, which could set a nationwide standard for the controversial practice of hydraulic fracturing.

The new rules require more stringent standards for storage of wastewater produced from fracking and for drilling companies to disclose chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing process. Exploration companies will also have to provide more information about nearby existing wells, which can inadvertently become pathways for fracking fluids to migrate into groundwater.

“We need to update our regulations to make sure they can keep up with evolving technologies and innovation by industry,” Interior Secretary Sally Jewell said.

While the rules will govern only about a tenth of drilling sites, mostly in Western states, the new regulations set a national standard that might be applied to states where oil and gas regulations are more lenient. “We think this is going to be a template for how the federal government expects the states to regulate water as part of their own oversight of fracking,” said Kevin Book, managing director of energy research firm ClearView Energy Partners.

The oil and gas industry’s supporters criticized the rules as too harsh and said they would increase costs for drillers whose margins already have been depressed by slumping energy prices. “America’s energy boom is one of the best things going for our economy and keeping it going should be one of the federal government’s top priorities,” said House Speaker John Boehner (R-Ohio).

Some environmental groups said the rules weren’t stringent enough. The rules have been in the works since 2012 and took into account 1.5 million public comments.

“There is a lot of fear and public concern, particularly about the safety of groundwater and the impact of these operations,” Jewell said. “We believe these standards are essential.”

More: The Wall Street Journal (subscription required); The Hill

NRC Gives Westinghouse OK to Test Modular Reactor

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has given Westinghouse Electric permission to test its small modular reactor design after the company satisfied a safety review that began in 2012.

The NRC issued its Safety Evaluation Report after the company submitted detailed analyses on what would happen in the event of a small loss of coolant accident, or LOCA. Westinghouse said its passive safety systems eliminate the potential for a larger LOCA.

The 225-MW pressurized water reactor’s design is adapted from the company’s larger AP1000 reactor, which received a design certification amendment from the NRC in 2011.

More: Nuclear Street

NRC Denies Vermont’s Request to Delay Review of Vermont Yankee Decommission Plan

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission denied a request by Vermont officials to delay a review of the permanent shutdown of the Vermont Yankee nuclear plant.

State officials have expressed concern that Entergy, the plant’s operator, wants to cut emergency preparedness procedures for the plant during decommissioning. The NRC said the state did not file a timely request to delay the review by the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board. The commission said the state could refile its request.

More: Bennington Banner News

NRC Paying for Yucca Groundwater Studies

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission plans to spend $2 million to complete a groundwater impact study for the site of the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste storage facility.

The Department of Energy, which is no longer interested in developing the site, decided not to fund the groundwater study. The NRC, which is considering revitalizing the nuclear waste storage project, announced it will fund the study ahead of public sessions scheduled for September.

More: Las Vegas Review-Journal

DOE Buying 5 Million Barrels of Crude to Replace Stock Sold Last Year

The Department of Energy is buying 5 million barrels of crude oil to replace an amount it sold last year out of the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve in a test sale.

The markets are working in the government’s favor, as oil prices have plummeted more than 50% since March 2014, when it sold the oil for an average price of $93.75 a barrel. The average price of sweet crude was about $47.05 a barrel last week.

By law, the department is required to replace any stocks sold within a year. The strategic petroleum reserve, with a total capacity of 727 million barrels, currently stands at about 691 million barrels.

More: The Wall Street Journal (subscription required)

University of Delaware Declines Congressional Request for Funding Info on Climate Denier

The University of Delaware declined a request from the ranking Democrat on the House Committee on Natural Resources to disclose the funding received by David R. Legates, a climate-change skeptic.

U.S. Rep. Raul Grijalva of Arizona demanded to know the sources of funding for Legates, a climatology professor who has co-authored several contrarian studies with Wei-Hock Soon, who received funding from the Southern Co. Legates was the state climatologist until he was fired in 2011, in part for refusing to stop using his title when spreading his skeptical views on climate change.

The university cited academic freedom for declining to provide Legates’ funding sources.

More: Inside Climate News

NRC Gives Environmental OK for TVA’s Sequoyah Nuke Plant

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has approved the environmental assessment required for a 20-year license extension at the Tennessee Valley Authority’s Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant in Soddy-Daisy, Tenn.

The NRC approved the assessment at the twin-unit plant despite challenges from activists who argued that TVA hasn’t made necessary safety improvements in response to the Fukushima disaster in Japan. “The NRC side-stepped most of the complaints that we raised,” said Louis Zeller, executive director for the Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League.

If the final license extension is approved, TVA would be able to operate both 1,148-MW units until 2041.

More: Chattanooga Times-Free Press

— Ted Caddell

March 24, 2015June 15, 2023

LaFleur Chairmanship Ending; Bay to Take Gavel

By Rich Heidorn Jr.

WASHINGTON — Chairman Cheryl LaFleur gaveled her final Federal Energy Regulatory Commission open meeting last week, nearing the end of a tumultuous 16-month term.

LaFleur, who was confirmed to a second, five-year term on the commission in July, is turning over the chairmanship to former FERC Office of Enforcement Director Norman Bay effective April 15.

Bay will assume the chairmanship under an unprecedented deal between the White House, which wanted Bay named chairman immediately, and Senate Republicans, who wanted LaFleur to remain in charge.

While LaFleur won confirmation 90-7, Bay — attacked by some Republicans for his lack of regulatory experience and controversies over his role as Enforcement director — cleared on a 52-45 party-line vote. With the Republicans now in control of both houses of Congress, he will enter the chairmanship without LaFleur’s reservoir of goodwill.

Among the immediate challenges Bay will face is how to handle protesters who have become fixtures at commission meetings. (See Protests Continue — on Camera — at FERC.) He also will be seeking consensus on the commission’s role in ensuring reliability isn’t harmed as a result of federal regulations on carbon dioxide emissions. (See FERC Seeking Its Role on Carbon Rule ‘Safety Valve’.)

LaFleur was appointed acting chairman in late November 2013 to replace Jon Wellinghoff. After LaFleur and Bay were confirmed by the Senate, President Obama removed the “acting” from LaFleur’s title.

At Thursday’s meeting, LaFleur’s fellow commissioners, FERC staffers and audience members celebrated her tenure with a standing ovation. Bay thanked her for what he called her “outstanding leadership.”

“As passionate as she is about Boston area sports teams,” he said of LaFleur, who dons Red Sox and Patriots jerseys at commission meetings when her teams are in the playoffs, “I think she’s even more passionate about the work of FERC.”

In a press conference after the meeting, LaFleur cited the commission’s work on capacity and energy markets, natural gas infrastructure, physical security of the grid and geomagnetic disturbances as among the accomplishments of her tenure in the commission’s center chair.

She also will leave her mark with appointments of new heads for the Office of Energy Market Regulation, the Office of Energy Policy and Innovation and the General Counsel’s office.

“The work of the commission takes place over a long time horizon and so I built on the work of my predecessors,” she said. “And that work will still be ongoing in the new configuration of the commission.”

She also took note of the turbulence of 2014, with uncertainty over her reappointment, the early departure of Commissioner John Norris and an inspector general’s investigation into the release of sensitive security information under Wellinghoff. (See DOE IG Warns FERC Information Security ‘Severely Lacking’.)

“From a very personal perspective, I think providing what I hope was steady and sustained leadership to the commission — at a time when it had been through a lot of upheaval during the inspector general investigation and some unexpected things that took place at a time when I didn’t even know my own future — is what … I take most satisfaction from.”

Bay’s ascension to the chairmanship may not be the last of the changes this year on the 11th floor of 888 First St. N.E.

Republican Commissioner Philip Moeller’s term expires June 30. Moeller said earlier this month he would consider a new term but gave no indication that he will be renominated.

“I’m still enjoying it,” he told RTO Insider. “I’ve gotten a lot of encouragement to stick around. But ultimately it’s up to the Senate and president. Stay tuned.”

March 24, 2015

FERC: Hearing or Settlement on Dunkirk RSSA Charges

By William Opalka

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission last week ordered hearing and settlement procedures in a dispute over the costs of keeping NRG Energy’s Dunkirk, N.Y., generating plant online for reliability.

At issue are charges National Grid — whose subsidiary Niagara Mohawk Power serves the region — proposed adding to its transmission service rate to reflect its costs under a reliability support services agreement for the coal-fired generator.

The New York Association of Public Power, Allegheny Electric Cooperative and the Municipal Electric Utilities Association of New York (MEUA) protested the charges as excessive and said they should be shared by other users of the transmission system in western New York, such as New York State Electric and Gas.

Need for Fact Finding

In February 2014, the commission accepted National Grid’s proposed rates subject to refund and further order, saying it was not convinced the changes were just and reasonable.

FERC said last week that it needed to conduct fact finding to make a definitive ruling on the rate changes and underlying RSSA charges. It said a hearing would be conducted if National Grid and the protesters were unable to reach a settlement (ER14-543).

In a related order last week, FERC also denied a separate rehearing request by MEUA, which had challenged the commission’s decision to waive the 60-day prior notice requirement to permit National Grid’s filing to become effective July 1, 2013. The association had also objected to the commission’s decision not to impose a full five-month suspension period (ER14-543-001).

“National Grid’s customers were on notice that RSS-type costs were being incurred and were to begin to be passed through in [transmission service] charges beginning July 1, 2013, even though the exact costs would not be determined until a later time,” FERC wrote.

The orders followed the commission’s decision last month directing NYISO to draft standard rates and cost allocation provisions for reliability-must-run (RMR) services (EL15-37). (See FERC Orders NYISO to Standardize RMR Terms in Tariff.)

Entergy Suit

Meanwhile, a new front opened in the Dunkirk dispute last month when Entergy sued the New York Public Service Commission, alleging it interfered with FERC authority in regulating wholesale electricity markets in June 2014 by approving an agreement between NRG and Niagara Mohawk to repower the plant with natural gas, allowing it to continue operating through 2025 (5:15-CV-230).

“NYPSC issued an order … that will keep the uneconomic Dunkirk generator in the market for a decade (through 2025), propped up by subsidies from a local utility and from a state agency,” Entergy said in the complaint, filed in U.S. District Court for the Northern District of New York.

Dunkirk will receive out-of-market payments of $20.4 million per year from National Grid and a $15 million one-time subsidy from New York state.

Entergy, owner of the 838-MW James A. FitzPatrick nuclear plant in western New York, claims the agreement will suppress capacity auction clearing prices.

FERC last week rejected a similar “price suppression” argument by the Independent Power Producers of New York in a complaint over Dunkirk and a second generator receiving payments under RSSAs. (See related story, NY Generators’ ‘Price Suppression’ Complaint Dismissed.)

Entergy’s complaint raises constitutional challenges similar to those that led federal courts to void actions by regulators in New Jersey and Maryland to incentivize construction of new generation. (See Rebuffed by Courts, CPV Seeks FERC End-Around.)

(For a timeline of events surrounding the Dunkirk plant, see Dunkirk Plant Chronology.)

March 24, 2015

FERC Staff Endorses Niagara Mohawk ROE Settlement

Trial staff at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission has recommended approval of a settlement that would reduce transmission owner Niagara Mohawk Power’s return on equity to 10.03% from the current 11.5%.

Niagara Mohawk, a unit of National Grid, reached the agreement with the Municipal Electric Utilities Association of New York, the New York Association of Public Power and the Allegheny Electric Cooperative.

Under the agreement filed with FERC last month, the new rate would be backdated to Nov. 2, 2012, resulting in a refund of $3.16 million. (See Niagara Mohawk, Public Systems Reach ROE Settlement.)

“The public interest is well served by a negotiated compromise,” FERC staff wrote (EL12-101, EL13-16 and EL14-29).

March 24, 2015June 15, 2023

NYISO Rejects Protests on Voltage Compensation

By Rich Heidorn Jr.

NYISO last week defended its proposed redesign of voltage support compensation, telling the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission it should reject calls by generators for additional inflation adjustments (ER15-1042).

On Feb. 13, NYISO proposed paying voltage support service (VSS) providers $2,592/MVAr for both leading and lagging capability, with annual increases based on the consumer price index (CPI). MVAr is the unit of measurement for reactive power capability.

The current rate is $3,919/MVAr annually based on lagging reactive power capability alone. Although the new rate is lower, the inclusion of both leading and lagging capabilities in the calculation is expected to result in total compensation about equal in the first year to how it has been in past years.

The proposal, the result of more than a year of discussions, won support of almost 80% of stakeholders, including more than half of the generation owners that voted, at the Nov. 20, 2014, Management Committee meeting, the ISO said.

On March 6, however, the Independent Power Producers of New York and Dynegy Marketing and Trade filed separate protests asking FERC to order the ISO to increase the compensation rate to reflect inflation since the existing rate was set in 2002.

IPPNY said it agrees with the ISO in using the CPI to escalate future payments. “If this reasoning serves to justify the use of the CPI to track inflation of costs from this point forward, the commission should apply the same reasoning retroactively to the escalation of costs over the last decade,” the group said.

NYISO said the proposal to include an inflation adjustment in the compensation proposal “was one of the most contentious issues addressed in the stakeholder process.” The ISO’s initial proposal in September 2013 did not include any escalation for past or future inflation. The ISO added a going-forward inflator to its revised proposal to stakeholders in December 2013.

“Although a majority of stakeholders supported increasing the annual VSS compensation rate, they considered, and rejected, a proposal to escalate the proposed starting point for the 2014 VSS compensation rate by applying the annual CPI for each year from 2002 through the present,” the ISO told FERC. “Neither did any NYISO market participant present any evidence during the stakeholder process to indicate that the existing compensation rate, as approved in 2002, was unreasonably low.”

NYISO said it proposed the compensation changes due to the increased need for leading reactive power support. Since 2010, the number of requests for leading reactive power support has increased due to higher off-peak transmission voltages, the ISO said. More than 90% of the ISO’s reactive power support requests since 2010 have been for leading reactive power; before 2010, more than 90% of the requests were for lagging reactive power support.

March 24, 2015June 15, 2023

Generator Tie Lines Exempted from OATT Rules

Generation owners will be exempted from federal open access transmission rules, allowing them to reserve excess capacity on their tie lines for the first five years of operation, under an order approved by regulators last week.

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, which has been studying the issue since a 2011 technical conference, said it will grant a blanket waiver from Open Access Transmission Tariff (OATT) requirements for “interconnection customer’s interconnection facilities,” or tie lines (RM14-11).

Under previous policy, a tie line owner must make excess capacity available to third parties unless it can justify its planned future use of the line. The new rule creates a five-year “safe harbor” period during which a tie line owner is assumed to have plans to use the excess capacity on its facilities.

The order eliminates the need for generation owners to seek OATT waivers, a requirement that the commission said created an undue burden. “While the commission has processed scores of requests for transmission tariff waivers in recent years, a third party has requested service, and thus required the interconnection customer to file a tariff, in only four instances total,” commission staff said in a presentation on the new rule.

Third parties seeking to obtain access to tie lines can do so through the procedures applicable to requests for interconnection and transmission service under sections 210, 211 and 212 of the Federal Power Act, which allow tie line owners to negotiate access with third parties.

March 24, 2015June 15, 2023

PJM MRC/MC Preview

Below is a summary of the issues scheduled to be brought to a vote at the Markets and Reliability and Members committees Thursday. Each item is listed by agenda number, description and projected time of discussion, followed by a summary of the issue and links to prior coverage in RTO Insider.

RTO Insider will be in Wilmington covering the discussions and votes. See next Tuesday’s newsletter for a full report.

Markets and Reliability Committee

2. PJM Manuals (9:10-9:30)

Members will be asked to endorse the following manual changes:

A. Manual 11: Energy & Ancillary Services Market Operations — Adds a method for screening of demand bids by load-serving entities. Bids would be limited to the LSE’s calculated zonal peak demand reference point for the day plus whichever value is more, 30% of the reference point or 10 MW. PJM said the need for such limits was illustrated by the default of a retail provider in January 2014. Due to an input error, the company entered a demand bid about 100 times the retailer’s actual load. (See MIC Briefs.)

pjm — PJM requires resources to provide symmetrical regulation from their set points.

B. Manual 12: Balancing Operations — Revisions describe the required regulation range, specifying that resources are required to symmetrically provide the total amount of regulation assigned. The changes also detail how performance evaluations are conducted and further define the basepoint around which the resource will be regulating.

3. FTR REVISIONS (9:30-9:45)

Members will be asked to approve non-substantive revisions regarding financial transmission rights. The changes concern clearing deadlines, bilateral trades and Tariff references.

4. ENERGY MARKET UPLIFT SR. TASK FORCE (9:45-10:15)

Members will be asked to endorse revisions to rules regarding treatment of combustion turbine lost opportunity costs and a proposal that uplift be treated as an input to the Regional Transmission Expansion Plan. Under the new CT rules, PJM would use the generator’s energy schedule to calculate opportunity costs except for self-scheduled units, for which the lesser of the available cost- or price-based curves would apply.

5. DEMAND RESPONSE Forecast for Use in RTEP (10:15-10:30)

Members will be asked to OK a proposed change to demand response modeling assumptions used in load deliverability analyses. The new method would use the average of the last three years of committed DR for each zone. (See Change Proposed in PJM Demand Response Modeling.)

6. FERC Order 1000 (10:30-10:45)

Members will be asked to endorse a $30,000 non-refundable fee for studying proposed transmission improvements with estimated costs of $20 million or more. The fee would apply to both greenfield projects and upgrades by incumbent transmission operators. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission last month rejected an earlier proposal to exempt transmission upgrades from the study fee. (See FERC Rejects Fee on Greenfield Transmission Projects.)

Members Committee

CONSENT AGENDA (1:20-1:25)

B. Members will be asked to approve Tariff and Operating Agreement revisions to implement Coordinated Transaction Scheduling (CTS) with MISO. The objective is to improve interchange scheduling efficiency by aligning energy scheduling with interface prices and adding the option for market participants to schedule energy transactions using an interface bid. (See PJM, MISO Reach Agreement on New Interchange Product.)

ENDORSEMENTS (1:25-1:40)

1. FERC Order 1000: See MRC agenda item #6, above.

— Suzanne Herel

March 24, 2015June 15, 2023

FERC: 2014 a Record-Breaking Year for Natural Gas

By Rich Heidorn Jr.

WASHINGTON — Natural gas demand and production both set records in 2014, while gas trading declined for the fourth straight year, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission reported last week.

Natural gas developments dominated FERC’s annual State of the Markets presentation in a year that also saw higher electric prices.

Demand and Production

The coldest winter in more than a decade helped push natural gas demand to a record 70.7 Bcf/d, with residential and commercial demand up 3% and industrial demand increasing 2%. The record came despite a cooler-than-normal summer, which resulted in a 3% decline in gas demand for electricity generation.

Natural gas production grew 5% to an average of 68.4 Bcf/d, breaking the previous record from 2013. The Marcellus shale formation in Pennsylvania and the Eagle Ford shale play in Texas were responsible for more than one-third of the production increase.

Despite the crash in crude oil prices — from $115 per barrel in mid-June to $53 at the end of December — natural gas production has remained above 71 Bcf/d in 2015, above levels for the same time last year.

Following last winter, the U.S. had only 822 Bcf of natural gas in storage, the lowest level since 2003. But a record injection totaling almost 2.8 Tcf — almost 10% above the previous high — returned storage levels to 3,611 Bcf by Nov. 1, only 5% less than the five-year average.

New Pipelines

Almost 4 Bcf/d of new pipeline capacity entered service in the Marcellus and Utica shale regions in 2014, including 1.5 Bcf/d in gathering lines and about 2.5 Bcf/d to serve Northeast demand. Still, a lack of pipeline capacity resulted in prices below $2/MMBtu in parts of the Marcellus region. Future pipeline expansions are planned to deliver Northeast gas to markets in eastern Canada, the Midwest, the Southeast and the Gulf Coast.

The summer of 2014 resulted in several firsts, with the Northeast becoming a net gas exporter and New York and Boston recording gas prices below Henry Hub.

The commission said forward price curves indicate that natural gas, rather than coal, will be on the margin for the balance of 2015, as it was in 2012. That, commission staff said, could result in coal-fired generation displacing some gas generation this summer. “If oil prices remain at current levels, we could continue to see increased use of oil for power generation,” the commission added.

Gas and Renewables Continue to Displace Coal

The U.S. added 10.8 GW of electric generating capacity in 2014, after showing a net loss of 3 GW in 2013 due largely to coal and nuclear retirements.

Natural gas capacity rose by 7.7 GW, while wind capacity grew by 5 GW. Solar added almost 4 GW.

Financial Trading

RTOs increased their dominance of financial trading with 96% of electricity products traded outside ERCOT occurring at an RTO hub, up from 92% in 2013. Only NYISO and PJM saw increases in trading volumes for the year, with PJM increasing its market share to 73% of trading on Intercontinental Exchange, an increase from 68% in 2013.

Natural gas trading volumes on ICE dropped by more than one-quarter in 2014, the fourth decline in a row. “Less volatile prices hurt speculative trading profits; this caused companies, particularly large banks, to reduce or eliminate their trading exposure,” the commission said.

Electricity Prices

Despite essentially no increase in electricity demand, average spot prices rose across the country last year, largely due to high prices in the first quarter. The largest increase was in PJM, where average on-peak day-ahead prices at the Western Hub rose 38% to $63/MWh.

March 24, 2015

Action on Ginna RSSA Delayed 4 Months

By William Opalka

New York regulators last week delayed action on a financial lifeline for the R.E. Ginna nuclear plant in order to review its impact on ratepayers.

The approximately $200 million annual price tag for the reliability support services agreement prompted the New York Public Service Commission to open an inquiry, with initial filings due April 15 (14-E-0270).

The PSC’s March 18 order defers action on Rochester Gas & Electric’s request for approval of the agreement through July 29.

The RSSA, which is also pending before the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, was supposed to be effective April 1. If approved, the agreement would be retroactive to April 1 and last until the end of September 2018.

RG&E and Exelon’s Constellation Energy Nuclear Group were ordered by the PSC to enter the agreement because the plant is deemed necessary to maintain system reliability in western New York until a transmission project goes online in late 2018.

RG&E has estimated that under the agreement, an average residential customer would see bills rise about 4.2%, while costs for large primary customers would increase 6%.

Interveners representing competitive suppliers, residential ratepayers and environmentalists have complained about the RSSA’s steep price, with industry and other large customers challenging RG&E’s estimates before FERC. (See New York Industrials Want Ginna Deal Tossed.)

“RG&E worked diligently in the best interests of our customers to reach an agreement with Ginna, recognizing the importance of ensuring reliable service on reasonable terms for all parties,” said Dan Hucko, a spokesman for RG&E.

“Given the important role of the proposed reliability support services agreement, we are working collaboratively with the PSC to accommodate the needed regulatory reviews in a timely fashion,” Exelon spokeswoman Maria Hudson said.

March 24, 2015June 15, 2023

Connecticut Resource Outlook Improves, but Challenges Remain

By William Opalka

Connecticut’s Department of Energy and Environmental Protection issued its integrated resource plan last week, warning of natural gas pipeline constraints and stiffer competition for renewable resources.

Although energy efficiency is expected to flatten load growth, the blueprint for the 10-year period through 2024 predicts the New England region will need new resources to offset the retirement of more than 3,000 MW of generation.

Three new Connecticut generators cleared in ISO-NE’s Forward Capacity Auction for 2018-2019 in February: a 725-MW combined-cycle plant in Oxford and two 45-MW combustion turbines in Wallingford. (See Exelon, LS Power Join CPV in Adding New England Capacity.)

The outcome of the capacity auction, which ISO-NE officials hailed as a success for their new Pay-for-Performance rules, had been uncertain when Connecticut issued a draft of the IRP in December. (See Connecticut: Power Prices to Rise 63% by 2024.)

The IRP advocates a regional approach to expand natural gas infrastructure. DEEP says that at least 1 Bcf/d of natural gas transportation capacity or equivalent gas storage is needed for at least 30 days during the winter.

The final IRP also noted a tightening in the availability of renewable power, saying that as neighboring states try to reach their renewable energy goals, competition for the limited supply could cause a shortage by 2017.

Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode Island are joining together to procure new Class I Renewable Energy projects: wind, solar, small hydro, biomass and fuel cells of at least 20 MW and large-scale hydropower projects constructed after Jan. 1, 2003. (See New England States Combine on Clean Energy Procurement.)