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November 24, 2024

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Chatterjee Post Leads to Worries About FERC’s Independence, Staff Exodus

Former FERC Chair Neil Chatterjee sparked concerns about the incoming Trump administration’s control of the federal bureaucracy and how that might impact the commission’s independence with a post on X on Nov. 6, the day after former President Donald Trump’s re-election. 

“For the [Trump] transition team: [If] you want schedule F insight on who to keep and who to remove [at FERC], please DM me,” Chatterjee posted on the social media site formerly known as Twitter. In a later post, he said Trump’s transition team got back to him “seven minutes after I tweeted this,” which he confirmed in an interview with RTO Insider. 

“Schedule F” refers to a new classification for federal workers that Trump created via executive order late in his first term. It applied to federal career employees with jobs connected to policy and made it easier to fire them. When that executive order was issued, the American Federation for Government Employees called it “the most profound undermining of the civil service in our lifetimes.” 

President Joe Biden quickly revoked the order upon taking office, and in April 2024, the Office of Personnel Management completed a rulemaking to bolster labor protections for federal employees. But Trump has promised to reinstate the order, and the OPM rule could be overridden by a Republican-controlled Congress. 

FERC and other independent agencies are insulated from such White House edicts, only having to enact them if their appointed leadership decides to, Public Citizen Energy Program Director Tyson Slocum said. For example, the commission did not implement Biden’s proposed guidance on the National Environmental Policy Act, Slocum said. 

Chair James Danly, who ran FERC for the last 10 weeks of Trump’s first term after the president demoted Chatterjee, had started work on implementing Schedule F. 

Chatterjee expressed surprise to RTO Insider that his post set off criticism and argued that he was trying to help the commission’s staff. 

“I actually viewed it as me being helpful to commission staff; that I could speak on their behalf to the critical role they play around approving gas projects and overseeing reliability,” Chatterjee said. “And I didn’t intend or expect that people would view it the other way. I think it’s been mischaracterized a little bit.” 

The reality is that Trump wants to reinstate the concept of Schedule F, Chatterjee said. While his post on X said Chatterjee could tell the incoming administration “who to keep and who to remove,” he said he did not mean specific individuals. 

“I wasn’t talking about specific people, to be clear,” Chatterjee said. “Could you make changes within the various offices? I’m on the private sector side right now, you know; I’ve got a ton of folks that I work with that are going through reorganizations and reshuffling. The federal government should do the same thing.” 

Scott Hempling, a lawyer and leading expert on regulation who recently left his job as a FERC administrative law judge, said in a statement that the commission’s independence is vital to its work. 

“Hundreds of millions of lives, and an entire national economy, depend on the professionalism of our regulatory workforce,” Hempling said. “Regulation is effective only when ruled by three things: law, logic and facts. Infecting the workforce with anyone who doesn’t live by those limits disserves investors, consumers and the public trust.” 

Chatterjee said that even when staff disagreed with him, like on the minimum offer price rule in PJM, they still did their job. 

“I found during my tenure at the commission that even in instances where the staff disagreed with me, they still produced a very strong, legally defensible work product at the end of the day,” Chatterjee said. “And that’s one of the messages that I want to deliver to the incoming administration.” 

Slocum said that while he has had disagreements with FERC over the years, he said it is vital that the commission and its staff remain free from political meddling. Any who do feel improperly influenced by politics can reach out to Public Citizen, or other watchdog groups, he said. 

“FERC is an independent agency,” Slocum said. “It is unlawful for the administration to make staff decisions at an independent agency other than nominating commissioners and designating the chair, so it would be highly inappropriate for the Trump administration or any administration to make decisions about internal staffing at an agency.” 

Slocum said Trump was able to use his appointment authority in his first term by getting Chatterjee to name Anthony Pugliese as FERC’s chief of staff and Danly as its general counsel before the latter was nominated and confirmed as a commissioner. 

The question of when Trump will get to nominate a new member is up in the air, with no guarantee that Chair Willie Phillips will step down as commissioner when one of his Republican colleagues — either Commissioner Mark Christie or Lindsay See — is named chair. Phillips’ term ends June 30, 2026; the next seat to open is Christie’s in June 2025. Christie himself was nominated by Trump and is the only commissioner remaining from that first term. 

The fact that the commission has a full complement of five members could limit Trump’s ability to influence senior staffing decisions through his nominee, Slocum said. 

“Christie has established himself as being a very credible and important pro-consumer voice,” Slocum said. “See hasn’t [participated in] many orders, but she joined Christie for the Talen co-location order, rejecting it as being unfair to consumers,” which he applauded. (See FERC Rejects Expansion of Co-located Data Center at Susquehanna Nuclear Plant.) 

Former FERC Chair Richard Glick, who was a FERC commissioner under Trump before Biden tapped him to lead the commission in January 2021, said the discussion of bringing back Schedule F risks a brain drain at the commission. FERC staff have expertise that, especially for more senior members, is very attractive to the private sector, which can pay more than the government. 

“All you are doing here by putting out tweets is increasing their anxiety, and it’s going to cause them to leave sooner than they otherwise would,” Glick said. 

That would leave FERC less capable of tackling the important issues before it, with electricity demand surging around the country from data centers and the need to review LNG export facilities, Glick added. 

A longer-term front to watch out for in terms of FERC independence could come from the legal system. A conservative theory holds that the president’s limited authority to fire commissioners violates the Appointments Clause of the Constitution. 

The second sentence in Project 2025’s chapter on independent agencies references that theory: “In general, the president can appoint people to these commissions but cannot remove them, which makes them constitutionally problematic in light of the Constitution’s having vested federal executive power in the president.” 

The Appointments Clause was at issue in Seila Law v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, a 2020 Supreme Court decision that found that the president’s inability to remove the head of an agency with a single director was unconstitutional. But in doing so, the majority opinion said the precedent held no weight for multimember, bipartisan commissions like FERC, and even the authors of Project 2025 noted that such arrangements generally have been upheld by the courts. 

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US Governors, Mayors to Pledge Ongoing Climate Action at COP29

The 29th United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties ― COP29 ― opened Nov. 11 in the Azerbaijan capital of Baku, and unlike previous COPs, neither the president nor vice president of the United States are on hand to advance U.S. leadership in global efforts to keep global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

President Joe Biden addressed COP26 in Glasgow in 2021 and COP27 in Sharm-El Sheik, Egypt in 2022. Vice President Kamala Harris led the U.S. delegation to COP28 in the United Arab Emirates in 2023.

But coming just days after President-elect Donald Trump’s victory, the U.S. presence at the conference ― or lack thereof ― could be viewed as an advance signal for a repeat of Trump’s 2017 withdrawal of the country from the Paris Agreement. Biden rejoined the global pact on global warming on his first day in office in 2021, and Trump has pledged to once again withdraw from the agreement as soon as he takes office.

The official U.S. delegation is led by John Podesta, White House senior advisor on international climate policy, and includes Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm, Agriculture Secretary Thomas Vilsack, National Climate Advisor Ali Zaidi and DOE Deputy Secretary David Turk, according to a State Department announcement. EPA Administrator Michael Regan and Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland sent deputy secretaries in their stead.

However, U.S. “subnationals” ― governors, mayors and corporate leaders ― are in Baku, carrying a message of continued commitment to the goals of the Paris Agreement, regardless of who’s in the White House.

“We have a responsibility to continue to address the climate crisis and to engage in every way possible, and to remind not just everyone in the United States, but frankly globally, that governors act as subnationals, irrespective of … the White House,” New Mexico Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham (D) said during a Nov. 8 press call, as reported by ABC News. “We’ve been in this position before. We are going to continue our commitments.”

Lujan Grisham, along with New York Gov. Kathy Hochul (D), are co-chairs of the U.S. Climate Alliance, a bipartisan group of 24 governors formed in 2017 in response to Trump’s withdrawal from the Paris Agreement. All have adopted aggressive emission reduction goals.

A founding member of the alliance, Washington Gov. Jay Inslee (D) is leading a subnational delegation to Baku, including state Maryland Environment Secretary Serena McIlwain and California Environment Secretary Yana Garcia, according to a Climate Alliance press release.

“We look at Donald Trump as a speed bump on the road to progress toward a clean energy economy, and we are rolling big time,” Inslee said during the Nov. 8 press call.

“My number one message is progress is going to continue in the United States. It will be driven by states who have already demonstrated that if you adopt clean energy policies, you will simultaneously grow your economy and reduce carbon emissions.”

Other organizations on the call included Climate Mayors, a nonpartisan group of nearly 350 mayors, and America Is All In, a broad coalition of local governments, educational institutions, tribal governments, investors and businesses.

Gina McCarthy, former EPA administrator and White House climate advisor, is managing co-chair of American Is All In. Speaking on the call, McCarthy said, “We’ll do everything in our power to stop efforts to unwind the progress we have made, to double down on local action, and to push private sector investments and to fill the federal leadership gap so that we can achieve our country’s global commitments.”

Ambition Without Action

Biden and Harris are not the only no-shows at COP29. Other world leaders skipping this year’s conference include European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz and French President Emmanuel Macron, according to reports from Reuters and Bloomberg.

The absence of such key voices in Baku comes at a perilous moment for global action on climate. According to the recently released UN 2024 Emissions Gap Report, greenhouse gas emissions worldwide were up 1.3% in 2023, a significant bump from the pre-COVID pandemic average of 0.8% per year between 2010 and 2019.

Countries have not achieved the emission reductions they committed to in the initial rounds of climate pledges, called nationally determined contributions (NDCs), in 2015 and 2020-2021, the report says. New NDCs, setting goals for 2035, are due in February 2025, and according to Inger Andersen, executive director of the UN Climate Program, global emissions must fall 7.5% per year through 2035 to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

The report calls on industrialized nations to do the heavy lifting on emission cuts, as well as on financial support for developing countries.

“Ambition means nothing without action,” the report says. “Unless global emissions in 2030 are brought below the levels implied by existing policies and current NDCs, it will become impossible to reach a pathway that would limit global warming to 1.5°C. … The next NDCs must deliver a quantum leap in ambition in tandem with accelerated mitigation action in this decade.”

While Trump almost certainly will take the U.S. out of the Paris Agreement, a bigger question is whether he and Republicans in Congress might try to take the U.S. out of the UN Framework Convention for Climate Change, under which the Paris Agreement was finalized. U.S. participation in the UNFCCC required ratification by the Senate. It is uncertain if a Senate vote would be required to withdraw.

In their post-election analysis, ClearView Energy Partners cautioned “it may be premature to say the multilateral process is losing momentum. But the prospect of Trump administration rollbacks could make it harder for the U.S. to stoke greater global ambitions toward accelerating annual transition investments in the multiple of trillions of dollars.”

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Trump 2.0: Rolling Back Regulations, IRA Funding

In the wake of President-elect Donald Trump’s victory Nov. 5, the clean energy industry is now obsessing over how far the next administration will push his own “drill, baby, drill” agenda in favor of fossil fuels and how quickly he will try to unravel programs funded by the Inflation Reduction Act at the Department of Energy and EPA. 

While D.C. clean energy industry groups are reaching out to work with the incoming administration and Congress, the policy landscape ahead could be treacherous. Trump and Republicans in Congress see the election results as giving them a mandate focused on “deregulation and deglobalization,” according to industry analysts ClearView Energy Partners. 

What that means is major reversals of Biden administration regulations and programs aimed at cutting greenhouse gas emissions, withdrawal from the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change and high tariffs on Chinese and other imported goods, including many components critical to clean energy manufacturing. 

As detailed on his campaign website, Trump wants to roll back President Joe Biden’s signature legislative achievements, the IRA and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. He wants to ensure the U.S. has the lowest energy costs of any developed country in the world by bringing back incandescent light bulbs and protecting Americans’ access to gas stoves, promoting fossil fuel drilling on federal land and speeding up approvals of natural gas pipelines. 

While providing no concrete details, Trump also pledged to “stop the wave of frivolous litigation from environmental extremists that hold up critical energy development projects.” 

Speaking at Bracewell’s post-election webinar Nov. 6, Scott Segal, co-chair of the law firm’s Policy Resolution Group, expects that, once inaugurated in January, Trump will issue “an immediate spate of executive orders,” which could resurrect previously rejected fossil fuel projects and pipelines and expand offshore drilling. 

Another likely Day 1 action could be a lifting of Biden’s highly contentious pause on the approval of LNG exports to countries without free trade agreements with the U.S. 

The re-election of Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas) ― who will chair the Senate Commerce Committee ― will open the way for more offshore drilling permits, Segal said. The committee oversees offshore permitting, and Segal expects “some connectivity there between the administration and the Cruz team [on] reduced environmental reviews, which can have impacts even for independent agencies like FERC.” 

ClearView’s post-election analysis contains a list of IRA programs, tax credits and funding streams most likely to be targeted by Republicans in Congress: 

    • a clawback of IRA and IIJA funds that have not been spent, whether already obligated or not; 
    • cancellation of programs and incentives such as EPA’s methane Waste Emissions Charge, tax credits for clean commercial vehicles (45W) and used electric vehicles (25E), and funding for DOE’s Loan Programs Office; and 
    • tightening of IRA provisions on domestic content, not only for EVs and critical minerals, but for components used in solar and wind projects, along with narrowing the number of locations qualifying for bonus credits as energy communities. 

The extent of IRA revisions will depend on whether the Republicans hold the House of Representatives, in addition to their control of the Senate, ClearView says. The Associated Press count as of press time shows Republicans with 214 seats and Democrats with 203. 

A red sweep could allow lawmakers to dismantle the IRA via a “filibuster-proof” budget reconciliation bill ― which can be passed by a simple majority ― the same legislative maneuver the Democrats used to pass the IRA in 2022, ClearView says. 

Keith Martin of Norton Rose Fulbright, another law firm with energy policy experts, also anticipates Republican efforts to move up the phaseout dates of some of the IRA clean energy tax credits, from the 2040s to the 2020s. Even the possibility of such changes already has developers getting steel in the ground for some projects to make sure they remain eligible for the tax credit, regardless of any accelerated phaseouts, Martin said at the recent Southeast Renewable Energy conference. (See SE Renewable Energy Conference Hears Blunt Talk on Trump.) 

Permitting Stalemate

Analysts also see legislative uncertainty on both sides of the aisle for bipartisan action on permitting reform. Sens. Joe Manchin (I-W.Va.) and John Barrasso’s (R-Wyo.) bipartisan Energy Permitting Reform Act (S. 4735) was approved by the Energy and Natural Resources Committee in July but could lose momentum during the lame duck session beginning Nov. 12. 

A top priority will be hammering out a budget bill or another continuing resolution to keep the government operating for a few more months. 

Such budget turbulence notwithstanding, ClearView argues that for Democrats, pushing forward on EPRA could be a “last, best” opportunity for any movement on accelerating permitting, while Republicans may be motivated to “close out contentious issues to clear the decks for a new president’s agenda.” 

Still, other analysts have countered that if Republicans control both the House and Senate, they might want to hold and revise the bill to include revisions to the National Environmental Policy Act. 

But ClearView warns that taking no action might kill not only the Manchin-Barrasso bill but any appetite for action on permitting. “A fractious lame duck session might not merely eliminate the negotiating space necessary for Democrats and Republicans to broker a deal, but could set a standoffish tone for the next Congress. … Indeed, the less that transpires during the lame duck, the less momentum there might be going into the next year.” 

Speaking at the Bracewell webinar, Ben Storrow, climate reporter at POLITICO’s E&E News, said another challenge for permitting reform is that Democrats have prioritized getting permitting provisions for transmission into the bill, which has been opposed by Republicans, especially in the Southeast. With their election losses, “the Democrats have less leverage now in those negotiations,” Storrow said. 

A Republican Congress also could mount an all-out attack on any regulations issued by DOE or EPA during the lame duck session using the Congressional Review Act, said Joseph Brazauskas, senior counsel at Bracewell. Under the 1996 law, a new Congress can pass resolutions of disapproval on any regulations that were finalized within 60 days of the House and Senate returning to session. A CRA resolution of disapproval, signed by the president, would invalidate any final rule in its entirely. 

Brazauskas said the Biden administration has factored the CRA into its release of regulations. “They did a pretty good job of isolating … and finalizing a number of key environmental and energy regulations,” he said, but he also noted that Trump would have other ways of rescinding or replacing emission-reduction regulations. 

The question now is what the Biden administration can do in the next two months to push forward and protect its clean energy and climate policies.  

Under the Administrative Procedures Act, an incoming administration can order agencies to stop any pending rulemaking, withdraw proposed or final rules that have not been published in the Federal Register, or push back or put a hold on the date a published rule is scheduled to go into effect. 

In the runup to the election, DOE had been making nearly daily announcements of new funding opportunities and awards but has been uncharacteristically subdued since Trump’s victory. One sign of what’s ahead was a LinkedIn post from Jamie Nolan, media lead at the Loan Programs Office.  

“SPRINTING TO THE FINISH,” she wrote. “Watch us go!” 

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ISO-NE Sees Manageable Shortfall Risk for Upcoming Winter

ISO-NE projects shortfall risks from extreme weather events to be manageable this winter and expects market mechanisms to provide relief by encouraging fuel conservation and replenishment, the RTO told the NEPOOL Participants Committee on Nov. 7. 

The shortfall assessment modeled “four representative extreme 21-day events” using the RTO’s recently developed probabilistic energy adequacy tool (PEAT). This winter marks the first season ISO-NE has incorporated the PEAT into its seasonal outlook. The modeled events are meant to assess the worst-case conditions for the system, “characterized by periods of extreme cold temperatures, low winds and low solar irradiance.”  

For each event, ISO-NE looked at how varying levels of fuel inventories, fuel prices, generator outages and imports would affect shortfall risks. The modeling showed a limited amount of shortfall associated with the extreme events on average, with a 244,353-MWh 21-day energy shortfall shown for the worst-case scenario, with a 0.000031% probability. 

“ISO expects these shortfalls are manageable and that market-based incentives will provide relief in the form of market response, including the use of opportunity costs in energy offers and fuel replenishment,” said Vamsi Chadalavada, ISO-NE chief operating officer.  

“If necessary, the ISO would implement additional preventive operational measures such as reducing exports [and] scheduling additional imports, seeking waivers of emissions or air permit limitations, [and] conservation appeals,” Chadalavada added.  

According to data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, New England faces a 33 to 50% chance of above-average temperatures this winter, with above-average temperatures more likely in the southern part of the region.  

As carbon emissions drive higher temperatures, New England has warmed faster than the global average since 1900, and winter is the region’s fastest-warming season. Last winter featured the warmest December-February stretch on record in the Northeast, while the prior winter featured the third-warmest December-February period.  

ISO-NE projects the winter peak load to be 20,308 MW under average conditions, about 39 MW higher than the RTO projected prior to the 2023/24 winter. ISO-NE’s more extreme 10th percentile forecast projects a 21,089-MW peak. 

Chadalavada said there are “no significant generation or transmission outages” scheduled, adding that current fuel-oil inventories are about 48% of their maximum and the LNG tanks in St. John “are expected to be full heading into the winter.” 

He said the Everett Marine Terminal may be available to meet generation demand but noted ISO-NE has less insight into the availability of the facility after the Mystic Agreement expired at the end of last winter. The facility now is under contract with gas distribution companies. (See Massachusetts DPU Approves Everett LNG Contracts.) 

“Consistent with past winter seasons, the ISO assumes that approximately 3,900 [MW] to 4,800 MW may be at risk due to constrained natural gas pipelines,” Chadalavada added, noting that the RTO will “continue to monitor natural gas deliverability throughout the winter.” 

ISO-NE will have its inventoried energy program in place for the upcoming winter, which compensates generators for keeping up to 72 hours of stored fuel throughout the winter. The RTO has not indicated whether it plans to extend the program beyond the 2024/25 winter. 

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$21.8B Long-range Tx Plan Goes to Membership Vote; MISO Resolute, IMM Protesting

CARMEL, Ind. — MISO members are mulling an advisory vote on whether to support the RTO’s $21.8 billion long-range transmission plan (LRTP) portfolio while tensions simmer between MISO and its Independent Market Monitor over the necessity of the major transmission expansion.  

On Nov. 8, MISO’s Planning Advisory Committee (PAC) took up whether to recommend that the 2024 Transmission Expansion Plan (MTEP 24) — which includes the second LRTP portfolio — proceed to the System Planning Committee of the Board of Directors for consideration. The PAC settled on an email ballot that will be conducted over the next two weeks. A final decision on the LRTP portfolio alongside MTEP 24 is expected from the full MISO Board of Directors in early December.  

Director of Cost Allocation and Competitive Transmission Jeremiah Doner said from a reliability perspective, it’s cost-effective to build the 24-project, mostly 765-kV “regional highway” and confidently avoid future risks rather than building one-off projects to handle vulnerabilities.  

MISO anticipates a benefit-to-cost ratio of between 1.8:1 and 3.5:1 over the first 20 years of the LTRP projects’ lives through reliability improvements, production costs, capacity that won’t be built and environmental benefits. 

“What is happening on the system is unprecedented with the resource transition, and we have a shared responsibility … to be proactive,” Doner told stakeholders. 

MISO’s End-Use Customer Sector asked that this year’s PAC vote on MTEP be a proportional vote, where sectors can divide their votes into a percentage to separately consider the $6.7 billion of traditional MTEP 24 local spending, the $21.8 billion LRTP and the $1.65 billion Joint Targeted Interconnection Queue transmission portfolio in partnership with SPP. MTEP 24 comprises all three. The End-Use Sector said this year’s PAC vote deserves some nuance because of the sheer amount of investment involved.   

MISO’s Independent Market Monitor David Patton capped a campaign against the second LRTP portfolio during a late October meeting of some of MISO’s board members. Patton once again argued that benefits are exaggerated and MISO is not working from a realistic set of future resource assumptions. (See MISO IMM Makes Closing Arguments Against $21.8B Long-range Tx Plan.)  

MISO said it “disagrees that the benefit calculations are flawed, in error or arbitrary.” The grid operator also is resolute that it will not test the value of the LRTP portfolio against a future scenario where it never develops the LRTP projects. 

“The future scenarios used for LRTP are appropriate, and the development of a new resource plan without transmission would be inappropriate,” MISO said. “The objective of LRTP is to understand the value of transmission based on the collective member resource plans as represented in the future. This approach is how MISO and others have performed benefit analysis for regional transmission for more than a decade.” 

Further, MISO formally disagreed with the IMM’s State of the Market recommendation from 2022 to improve the LRTP process and benefit projections. The RTO said it was contradicting its Monitor after extensive evaluation and affirmed its support for the LRTP process. 

MISO said the LRTP and “other transmission planning processes are not in scope for the IMM’s role to evaluate and monitor the performance of the markets.” 

At the October Market Subcommittee meeting, Patton argued that the capacity expansion MISO envisions through the early 2040s and based the portfolio on is “extremely unrealistic” and “not reflective of what the states and utilities say they’re going to do.” He also said MISO continues to overinflate the benefits of the portfolio and pinned the value of LRTP II closer to a 0.3:1 benefit-to-cost ratio. 

“I think we have a major problem here on where we are on LRTP,” he told stakeholders, and advocated for a pause on the process to “come up with a portfolio with benefits that truly justify the costs.” At that point, Market Subcommittee Chair Tom Weeks asked the lMM to focus solely on issues germane to markets. He said the Market Subcommittee isn’t the venue to discuss transmission planning. The exchange was emblematic of some members maintaining that the IMM shouldn’t interfere with MISO transmission planning.  

“I don’t see such a clear distinction between planning and markets because of how they interact with one another,” Patton responded.  

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PJM MIC Briefs: Nov. 8, 2024

PJM Presents Issue Charge on Black Start Compensation

PJM’s Glen Boyle presented an issue charge focused on the potential for compensation for generators providing black start service to fall to zero in net cost of new entry (CONE) values in the 2025/26 Base Residual Auction (BRA). 

The problem statement says the drop in black start compensation would be an unintended consequence of a drop in net CONE that is likely to continue, or continue to go lower, in the following delivery year. Compensation is determined by multiplying net CONE, the amount of black start service provided and a 0.01 modifier for hydroelectric generators or 0.02 for combustion turbines and fuel-assured black start units. 

“This significant drop in revenues for resources on the Base Formula Rate may lead to black start units withdrawing from providing Black Start Service. This could result in reliability concerns or use of the reliability backstop if black start requirements can’t be met,” the problem statement says. 

Since black start is a voluntary service, Boyle said PJM is concerned that without proper compensation, generation may exit the market and leave PJM unable to procure resources for all zones. 

Stakeholders Endorse Expansion of Lost Opportunity Cost Credits for Renewables

The Market Implementation Committee endorsed revisions to Manual 28: Operating Agreement Accounting to include solar, hybrid and energy storage resources in the lost opportunity cost (LOC) credit calculation. The formula was developed for wind generation and is being expanded in accordance with FERC’s approval of PJM’s second phase of its hybrid resource rules (ER23-2484). (See “PJM Presents Conforming Revisions to Manual 28,” PJM MIC Briefs: Oct. 9, 2024.) 

The calculation multiplies the LOC deviation by real-time locational marginal prices, minus the total LOC offer, all of which is then divided into 12 months. The deviation is based on actual forecast output. 

PJM Drafting Second Cluster of CIFP Manual Revisions

PJM’s Skyler Marzewski presented the RTO’s timeline for seeking revisions to several manuals to implement aspects of its capacity market changes drafted through the Critical Issue Fast Path (CIFP) process last year and approved by FERC in January. (See FERC Approves 1st PJM Proposal out of CIFP.) 

The changes include summer and winter capability testing, which would be codified in Manual 18: generation operational testing. That would require revisions to manuals 14D, 18 and 28, and attestation requirements for dual-fuel units, which would come with changes to Manual 11. 

The manual revisions are set to go for first reads and endorsement votes at the MIC and Operating Committee in the first quarter of 2025, with an endorsement vote possible at the Markets and Reliability Committee at its April meeting. The changes are intended to go into effect at the start of the 2025/26 delivery year. 

PJM Details Path Forward on Reactive Power

PJM Assistant General Counsel Thomas DeVita outlined PJM’s plan to remove the reactive power compensation component of the energy and ancillary service (EAS) offset in accordance with FERC’s order that RTOs cannot charge transmission customers for receiving reactive power within a standard range (RM22-2). 

PJM was one of three RTOs granted a longer compliance filing timeline to allow for a transition mechanism for eliminating those revenues from its markets. But the commission specified that removing the reactive component from the EAS offset would need to be done in a separate docket apart from the compliance filing. 

DeVita said PJM plans to seek that change as part of a Federal Power Act Section 205 filing being written to revise the reference resource and treatment of reliability-must-run units in the capacity market. (See “OPSI Speakers Discuss Future Auction Design,” Panels Debate PJM Capacity Market Design at OPSI Annual Meeting.) 

Changes to the Tariff and Consolidated Transmission Owners Agreement would be required and are expected to be effective for the 2026/27 delivery year. 

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MISO Moves to Strike Emergency Demand Response

CARMEL, Ind. — MISO is poised to eliminate its emergency demand response participation option, framing it as a clunky and scarcely used source of emergency assistance. 

“This is an instrument that has been little used … and doesn’t have a lot of operator confidence around it, and therefore it will be retired from the MISO market systems,” MISO’s Mike Robinson said at a Nov. 7 Market Subcommittee meeting.  

MISO established emergency DR around 2007 to better compensate emergency resources. Robinson said emergency DR is called up in the latter stages of an emergency, after load-modifying resources and just prior to involuntary load curtailment. He said emergency DRs are relatively expensive, while load-modifying resources are price-takers and adequately cover MISO’s emergency needs. 

“These are not capacity resources; they’re not obligated to respond to capacity events,” he explained of emergency DRs. 

Robinson said MISO has called on emergency DR just once in its history to manage a transmission emergency from a transformer failure about a decade ago in southwestern Wisconsin.  

Since then, Robinson said, MISO operators occasionally have looked for emergency DR to manage situations but have found none to be available in the moment. Complicating matters, Robinson said a master list of emergency DR resources is maintained in a spreadsheet.  

“Operators have little confidence in them,” he said. “It’s a tool in the tool chest, you might say, but if you don’t use it, why have it?” 

Robinson described emergency DRs by invoking Jean-Baptiste Say’s phrase that “supply creates its own demand” from his 1803 book, “A Treatise on Political Economy; or The Production, Distribution and Consumption of Wealth.”  

MISO hopes to eradicate emergency DRs with FERC permission sometime in the first quarter of 2025. 

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MISO Sets Surplus Reserve Margin Requirement for LSEs Opting Out of Capacity Auction

CARMEL, Ind. — Load-serving entities that decide against participating in MISO’s capacity auction must secure anywhere from 1.5 to 4.2% beyond their reserve margin requirements in the 2025/26 planning year, MISO announced.  

For the upcoming planning year, MISO’s Neil Shah said MISO will impose a 3.1% adder in summer, a 2.1% adder in fall, a 4.2% adder in winter and a 1.5% adder in spring for LSEs staying out of the auction. Those percentages will be in addition to the 7.9% of 2025/26 planning reserve margin in summer, the 14.9% PRM in fall, the 18.4% PRM in winter and the 25.3% PRM in spring. The RTO revealed the values during a Nov. 6 meetup of the Resource Adequacy Subcommittee.  

Starting next year, LSEs that decide to opt out of the auction and sloped demand curve must secure more capacity than strictly necessary to meet MISO’s 1-day-in-10 years system reliability standard. The rule is a feature of MISO’s new sloped demand curve design in its capacity auction. (See FERC Approves Sloped Demand Curve in MISO Capacity Market.) 

The rule — expressed as “X% adders” beyond strictly necessary load obligations — attempts to create comparable treatment between LSEs that participate in the auction and are subject to the sloped demand curve with LSEs that opt out of the auction by assigning them similar reserve requirements. 

The adder is calculated by MISO simulating the additional megawatts that would have cleared had the capacity auction used a sloped demand curve for the past three planning years. Once it has enough actual data to draw on, it will stop using a simulation of clearing behavior.  

Shah said the adder rule makes sure LSEs “bring forward sufficient resources” based on how they would have cleared had they operated under the auction’s sloped curve.  

Load-serving entities and states can exercise an opt-out of the sloped demand curve and auction. For the 2025/26 planning year, those decisions are due to MISO by Jan. 15 and keep LSEs out of the auction for three years at a time.  

MISO’s auction window will open March 26 and close March 31. The grid operator plans to post auction results April 28. Load-serving entities should have submitted their seasonal peak demand forecasts to MISO at the beginning of November; they can expect their seasonal, availability-based capacity accreditation values from the RTO by mid-February.  

Under the new auction setup, states in MISO are free to continue to set their own planning reserve margin that diverges from MISO’s. Should that happen, the RTO would isolate those LSEs’ load share and multiply it by the state’s chosen reserve margin. The LSEs’ final load share then would be removed from MISO’s planning reserve margin requirement. LSEs that still rely on MISO’s PRM will share the remainder of the requirement, spread pro rata.

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MISO in Agreement with IMM’s State of the Market Recommendations, Work Begins on 1

CARMEL, Ind. — MISO this year said it generally agrees with the six new market recommendations brought forward in its Independent Market Monitor’s annual State of the Market report and is working on one of them.  

Independent Market Monitor David Patton has debuted six market recommendations. (See MISO Monitor Spotlights Congestion Fixes, Market Mismatches in 2023.) He said MISO should: 

    • Develop a means to decommit resources that were committed in the day-ahead market. 
    • Create procedures outlining when it’s appropriate for its operators to derate transmission constraints to manage congestion. 
    • Require generation owners to fill out the reasons behind outages or outage extensions in the ticketing system the RTO uses to track scheduling.  
    • Use demand curves at the zonal level to better model demand in its local resource zones and produce more accurate local clearing requirements in capacity auctions.  
    • Align its definition of aggregate pricing nodes between its financial transmission rights (FTR) market and real-time and day-ahead markets. 
    • Enforce requirements for MISO’s 30-minute reserve product so it’s used instead of out-of-market actions to solve shortages.  

Of all this year’s new recommendations, MISO said it agrees most strongly with the suggested better guidance on when operators should derate transmission to manage congestion.  

“MISO is actively working on improvements to operators’ tools and procedures related to constraint management, including for out-of-market actions. Procedures will be revised as needed to offer further guidance to operators while maintaining operational flexibility,” MISO Director of Market Design and Development Zhaoxia Xie said at a Nov. 7 Market Subcommittee meeting.  

However, MISO said it would defer any action on creating individual downward-sloping demand curves for the 10 local resource zones in its capacity auction.  

MISO said though there might be value in fashioning separate sloped zonal demand curves, it’s going to do more evaluation on the IMM’s proposed solution.  

On the other hand, Xie said MISO is working in concert to synchronize the definitions of the aggregate pricing nodes and “minimize the gap” between the modeling for its FTR market and real-time and day-ahead markets. 

MISO similarly plans to collaborate with the IMM on possibly developing a means to recommend the decommitment of resources committed in the day-ahead market. However, Xie added that MISO members currently enjoy the financial and operational assurances they get in the day-ahead market while benefiting from being able to adjust offers in the real-time market to meet “their economic and operational needs.” 

As for gathering more detailed descriptions of the reasons behind generation outages, Xie said MISO recently dropped the ‘other’ option from its dropdown menu in its outage reporting software for members. She said MISO will do more to collect explanations for outages.  

“MISO plans to evaluate changes to the outage submission rules that ensure needed information is provided when tickets are submitted or updated,” Xie said.  

Finally, MISO said it plans to investigate how it can enforce short-term reserve requirements in load pockets. Xie said MISO shares the IMM’s concerns about operators increasingly using out-of-market commitments to “satisfy voltage and local reliability requirements in key load pockets.” 

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PJM OC Briefs: Nov 8, 2024

Stakeholders Endorse Quick Fix Solution on Day Ahead Scheduling Reserve Calculation

The Operating Committee endorsed a quick fix proposal to revise Manual 13: Emergency Operations to add transparency to the Day Ahead Scheduling Reserve (DASR), a figure that is calculated annually to determine when the 30-minute reserve requirement may be insufficient and emergency procedures necessary. 

The quick fix process allows for an issue charge to be voted on concurrent with a proposed solution. (See “Quick Fix Proposal on Day Ahead Schedule Reserve Calculation,” PJM OC Briefs: Oct. 10, 2024.) 

The 30-minute reserve requirement is set at the greater of the primary reserve requirement, active gas contingency or a flat 3,000 MW, which PJM has argued is not flexible and does not account for operational risks. An earlier proposal to shift to a requirement based on load forecast error and forced outage rates was rejected by stakeholders in July. (See “Stakeholders Endorse Reserve Rework, Reject Procurement Flexibility,” PJM MRC Briefs: July 24, 2024.) 

The DASR is the sum of the three-year average underforecast load forecast error (LFE) and generator forced outage rates (FOR), which currently results in a 74,257-MW peak load threshold after which 30-minute reserves are considered inadequate.  

The manual revisions are intended to clarify how operators use DASR. No change is proposed to the functioning of 30-minute reserves. They are set to go for a first read at the Markets and Reliability Committee (MRC) on Nov. 21, followed by a vote Dec. 18. 

PJM Presents Revisions to Manual 1 Addressing Hybrid Resource Rules, Loss of EMS Real Time Assessment

PJM presented a quick fix proposal to revise Manual 1: Control Center and Data Exchange Requirements to clarify its communication processes and data collection protections. The language is scheduled to be voted on at the Dec. 5 OC meeting and, if endorsed, at the Jan. 23 MRC meeting. 

The changes would add more detail to its backup communication methods to be used in the event of widespread SCADA software outages, as well as alternatives ways of conveying data to PJM during a SCADA outage, such as a cyberattack. The package also includes clarifications around PJM’s view-only mode to protect Inter-Control Center Communications Protocol (ICCP) data from potential errors during planned maintenance. 

The RTO also first read a set of revisions to Manual 1 identified through its periodic review, which would update several definitions to be more precise and consistent with other manuals. The language also includes requiring that the state of charge be conveyed by SCADA for open-loop hybrid resources, a requirement that already stands for close-loop hybrids.  

PJM Seeks Advance Notice of Expected Maintenance Outage as RTEP Upgrades are Scheduled

PJM is requesting that generation and transmission owners increase coordination around planned outages while a significant number of transmission assets are taken offline to build upgrades under the RTO’s 2023 Regional Transmission Expansion Plan Window 3. The work ramps up in 2026 and continues through 2030, with the number of outages exceeding 30 in some months. 

Transmission owners are asked to review planned outages for conflicts with the scheduled upgrades, provide PJM with a preferred timeline for their outages and fill out the RTO’s Prioritization Scoring Matrix. Quarterly meetings are being held with transmission owners and developers within the six zones affected by the RTEP projects to bolster the coordination efforts. 

On the generation side, any units in the BGE, PEPCO, Dominion and surrounding regions with outages expected over the next two to three years are asked to provide advanced notice as early as those outages can be foreseen. PJM’s Joe Rushing noted that generation outages require only a 30-day notice. The extent of the transmission work that will be conducted will limit the number of generators that can be taken offline at a given time.  

Congestion and increased use of emergency procedures, such as post contingency local load relief warnings (PCLLRWs), are likely throughout the duration of the RTEP work. 

October Operating Metrics

Presenting the October operating metrics, PJM’s Marcus Smith said October saw both hourly and peak load forecast error fall below the 25-month averages, with an hourly rate of 1.32% and peak forecasts off by 1.46% across the month. Underforecasts exceeding PJM’s 3% error rate benchmark were seen Oct. 3 and 6, while overforecasting was seen Oct. 22 and 31. 

The month saw one spin event Oct. 22 that lasted 6 minutes and 11 seconds and a generation response rate of 95% and demand response (DR) deployment at 151% of dispatch. One shared reserve event, two high system voltage actions and 16 PCLLRWs were implemented in October as well.  

Security Briefing

PJM Director of Enterprise Information Security Jim Gluck said the FBI is warning that renewable generation increasingly is being targeted by attacks to steal technology, render systems inoperable for ransom and disrupt generation operations. 

The Infrastructure Information Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC) has published a research paper detailing several threats to infrastructure in the leadup to the November 2024 elections, including “hacktivist” attacks and state-sponsored actors. As a precaution, PJM implemented a conservative operations procedure the night of Nov. 5 through midnight the following day. 

“While PJM has received no indication of credible threats to the power grid at this time, our government partners have encouraged the industry to remain alert to an elevated risk environment. Out of an abundance of caution, … PJM … will establish a more conservative posture,” the alert stated. 

The RTO also is monitoring the possible impact of a breach at Schneider Electric, where about 40 GB of records were compromised and could be released to the public if a ransom is not paid. 

Gluck recommended that members ensure employees use multifactor authentication and default passwords are not used. 

PJM Presents 2024 Winter Study

PJM’s Mark Dettrey presented the 2024/25 Winter Study prepared by the Operations Assessment Task Force (OATF) to evaluate the risk landscape for the season. While some switching, phase angle regulator (PAR) adjustments and re-dispatch may be required to address transmission violations, no reliability issues were identified under the 50/50 or 90/10 load forecast studies. (See PJM OC Briefs: Oct. 10, 2024.) 

The report expects 177.6 GW of cleared capacity and fixed resource requirement (FRR) resources will be available, as well as 2.2 GW of resources that historically have been available under the study conditions. It assumes 5.5 GW will be exported under the scenario analyses, 18 GW of generator outages and 7.1 GW of load management being deployed. 

The RTO is projected to maintain an 8.7-GW reserve margin under the low wind and no solar scenario, which reduces available generation by 3.1 GW. That margin shrinks to 7.1 GW under the largest gas/electric contingency, which would take 4.7 GW of generation offline. 

The report also included a scenario developed on experiences during December 2022 Winter Storm Elliott, increasing forced outages to 46 GW, which would lead to a reserve margin deficiency of 13.8 GW. The scenario is not included in the reliability analysis but was developed as a numbers game to be informative. 

Other Committee Business:

PJM’s Pete Langbein presented the 2023/24 Load Management Event Summary, which showed that emergency and pre-emergency DR performance was “very good, well north of 100%” across the delivery year. While there were no events requiring load management deployment, testing showed a 122% response rate reflecting 1,614 MW in overcompliance. 

Stakeholders endorsed revisions to Manuals 3 and 10 drafted through the documents’ periodic review. The changes to Manual 3: Transmission Operations include language to reflect existing practices on facility ratings, shifting which section details Automatic Remediation Action Scheme (RAS) operating criteria, and updating several notes and links. 

The Manual 10 language clarifies how the quantity of energy offline during an outage should be reported for inverter-based resources in eDART and more explicitly states that forced outages must be completed before work can begin on a planned outage.